Global Harmonization of Methodological Approaches to Nutrient Intake Recommendations Proceedings of a Workshop (2018) / Chapter Skim
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4 Current Models for Establishing Intake Recommendations
4 Current Models for Establishing Intake Recommendations
Pages 43-56
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From page 43... ...
Clifton summarized recommendations issued in 2012 for South Australia and New Zealand, actions taken since then, and challenges faced. The 2012 recommendations included an immediate review of the chronic disease and macronutrient section, less comprehensive reviews of some micronutrients (e.g., the upper limit [UL]
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From page 44... ...
Paik emphasized the 2015 committee's use of Korean-specific data from the literature. For international harmonization, she suggested that core processes and methods be standardized by having an international expert group review the international literature, but be adaptable to specific countries, such as by having an expert group in each country review local literature using a standardized methodology.
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From page 45... ...
The r ationale for a common set of values, Hasan Hutchinson explained, included the expanded base of specialized scientific expertise made available through collaboration; that the science underlying nutrient requirements knows no borders; and that the two populations have similar dietary needs. Additionally, it made sense to develop similar approaches to help with trade-related matters around nutrition According to Hutchinson, since 1994, even though the two countries have separate DRI steering committees, all of the decisions to commission DRI reviews have been made jointly, with a series of six nutrient-focused reports released between 1997 and 2005.
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From page 46... ...
Hutchinson remarked that while the 2013 nomination process received 26 nominations for a total of 16 nutrients, which resulted in a short list of nutrients to move forward, the steering committees identified a need to address the challenge of chronic disease endpoints. This led to the development of guiding principles for developing DRIs based on chronic disease endpoints (NASEM, 2017a)
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From page 47... ...
It was communicated only indirectly that the reason for setting up the sodium expert working group was to model chronic disease methodology, which Clifton noted is also what Health Canada and the National Academies are currently doing. That review is still in progress.
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From page 48... ...
SOUTH KOREA: 2015 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR KOREANS6 The first Korean recommended dietary allowances (KRDAs) were published in 1962 by the Korean Regional Office of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
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From page 49... ...
The strategy for setting the KDRIs is similar to the process developed by the United States and Canada, Paik continued, that is, it involves systematic evidence review of the international literature and meta-analyses when possible. Plus, it involves a rigorous review of the Korean literature, using the same level of judgment that is used for the international literature, and the use of Korean data, especially for body size and dietary intake data.
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From page 50... ...
This two-way sharing of literature reviews "will make our work more complete," Paik said. Additionally, she suggested that international experts provide guidance on standards for national resource data, such as guidelines for national surveys in nutrition, body size, and dietary practices.
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From page 51... ...
Its abandonment of the traditional framework in the case of vitamin D raises questions around terminology, particularly the acceptance of new terminology, that Prentice thought worth considering during this meeting. In conclusion, Prentice mentioned that in addition to their recent v itamin D publication and forthcoming sodium/potassium publication, the committee is also currently working on saturated fat, folate, iodine, complementary infant feeding and cognitive development, and health in old age.
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From page 52... ...
When South Korea changed from RDA to DRI terminology, it took a lot of work to convince people, including nutritionists and dietitians, that the change was needed. An added challenge in non-English speaking countries, she pointed out, is the development of new words to accompany changed English terminology.
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From page 53... ...
For example, when South Korea developed its first set of KDRIs in 2005, at that time Japan was similarly adopting the DRI terminology. The two countries did not share the output of their work, partly because the KDRI work was done by the Korean Nutrition Society, a nongovernmental organization of scientists, whereas Japan's DRIs were set up by the governmental National Institute of Nutrition and Health.
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From page 54... ...
National Academies could play a big role in this. South Korean Change in Carbohydrate Recommendation During her presentation, Paik had described how the upper range of the carbohydrate AMDR was lowered to 65 percent in the 2015 KDRIs, compared to 70 percent in the 2010 KDRIs.
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From page 55... ...
Hutchinson added that many countries are in fact following the FAO model, which, he explained, incorporates the EFSA stepwise approach, for developing food-based dietary guidelines.
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