Combining Individual Scour Components to Determine Total Scour (2018) / Chapter Skim
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From page 8... ...
8 CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1 Motivation Bridge scour is the removal of sediment from river and stream beds by water flowing around obstructions such as bridge abutments and piers, and through bridge contracted openings in response to large flood events.
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9 stream gages recorded flood magnitudes in excess of the 500-year flood with widespread damage to bridges (Gotvald and McCallum 2010)
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10 (a) Free surface or free flow (F)
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11 In satisfying the objective, bridge foundation designs are expected to become more realistic and economical with the positive result of wider acceptance of and confidence in scour prediction methods by practicing engineers. Inherent in meeting the research objective is a research plan that overcomes some of the weaknesses of past research and implements several tools available in hydraulic engineering research including realistic physical modeling, application to field cases where possible, and introduction of state-of-the art numerical modeling to better understand scour interactions so as to devise a predictive methodology rooted in the physics of the processes involved.
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12 pier scour is determined by the distance of the pier from the abutment. The two-way interaction between vertical contraction scour and abutment/contraction scour is treated as part of the total abutment/contraction scour calculation within the scour hole location but then becomes vertical contraction scour alone at some distance from the abutment in the floodplain if the abutment is set back far enough from the main channel.
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From page 13... ...
13 damage to the instruments and significant costs of maintaining a long-term intensive monitoring effort. Furthermore, many field sites have unique bathymetry and flow-field characteristics that thwart investigations of interactions of different types of scour and different classes of flow during extreme flood events.
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From page 14... ...
14 1.6 Organization of the Report In Chapter 2, a brief literature review is presented for the purpose of highlighting some formulas developed for predicting individual types of scour and facilitating their incorporation into methods for predicting maximum combined scour depths where possible. Some field studies that provide specific insights into combined scour processes are also reviewed.
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