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Public Transit and Bikesharing (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 12-33

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From page 12...
... 12 What Is Bikeshare? Bikesharing or bikeshare is an on-demand transportation service that allows users to access bicycles for a fee and use them for point-to-point connections to local destinations.
From page 13...
... Literature Review and Background Information 13 • Third Generation -- IT-Based Automated Bikeshare. Third generation systems consist of dedicated docking stations and IT-based payment collections requiring a credit card or other payment form to check out a bicycle.
From page 14...
... 14 Public Transit and Bikesharing Bikesharing in the United States There are over 75 modern (third generation or fourth generation) bikeshare programs in the United States in operation as of the time of the writing of this report, and several more are under consideration.
From page 15...
... Literature Review and Background Information 15 – Dock, which is a mechanism that holds the bicycles. Each dock is individually controlled and has a mechanized system that locks and releases the bicycles.
From page 16...
... 16 Public Transit and Bikesharing • Lock. The lock varies based on the vendor.
From page 17...
... Literature Review and Background Information 17 Source: Toole Design Group. Figure 13.
From page 18...
... 18 Public Transit and Bikesharing Bikeshare Business Models The business model of a bikeshare system depends on several factors, including the organizational structure, asset ownership, and contracting structure (Gauthier et al.
From page 19...
... Literature Review and Background Information 19 of system access memberships and usage fees, advertising space, and sponsorships. A privately owned and operated system generally does not involve any direct public investment into the system.
From page 20...
... 20 Public Transit and Bikesharing Just as with transit, limiting hours of operation affects the farebox recovery, operational costs, and the bottom line. Fare Media An increasing number of bikeshare agencies are implementing a variety of fare payment strategies following the footsteps of transit agencies, which are moving toward modernizing their fare media technology.
From page 21...
... Literature Review and Background Information 21 Farebox Recovery Bikeshare and transit systems share similarities in the way the systems are managed and evaluated. One such similarity is farebox recovery.
From page 22...
... 22 Public Transit and Bikesharing Benefits of Bikeshare Implementation Bikesharing systems provide a wide range of benefits, including improved mobility, emission reduction, congestion reduction, cost savings, improved physical fitness, and improved connections to public transit. The most commonly cited benefit of bikesharing found across several systems is convenience (Fishman et al.
From page 23...
... Literature Review and Background Information 23 2.4% (Campbell and Brakewood 2017)
From page 24...
... 24 Public Transit and Bikesharing Congestion Mitigation The substitution of bikeshare for vehicular trips can help to reduce congestion because fewer cars are on the road. An analysis by Hamilton and Wichman found that the presence of bikeshare led to a 2%-to-3% reduction in adjacent traffic congestion, while leading to increased congestion in neighboring locations.
From page 25...
... Literature Review and Background Information 25 These usage patterns of bikeshare users contribute to one of the greatest problems for system operators. The availability of a bicycle at the start of the trip and the availability of a dock at the end of a trip are major limiting factors for fixed location bikeshare systems.
From page 26...
... 26 Public Transit and Bikesharing people who do not have credit or debit cards, some systems are offering the ability to rent bikes using cash, pay for memberships using cash, or make monthly payments on annual memberships. Arlington County, Virginia, allows residents to pay for memberships and usage fees in cash at any Commuter Store in the county (Corbin 2015)
From page 27...
... Literature Review and Background Information 27 on accessibility in transportation systems. Recently, the U.S.
From page 28...
... 28 Public Transit and Bikesharing ridership and membership (Fuller et al.
From page 29...
... Source Purpose Eligibility Deadline / Application Information Link Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bicycle_pedestrian/funding/funding_opportunities.cfm Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program To provide funding for transportation projects and programs to help meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act.
From page 30...
... Source Purpose Eligibility Deadline / Application Information Link Metropolitan and Statewide and Nonmetropolitan Transportation Planning Provides funding and procedural requirements for multimodal transportation planning in metropolitan areas and states that is cooperative, continuous, and comprehensive, resulting in long-range plans and short-range programs of transportation investment priorities. Planning for bicycle facilities in a state or metropolitan transportation network.
From page 31...
... Literature Review and Background Information 31 Private funding sources are various and include grants from private foundations, private gifts and donations, and private sector investment. These sources are used in many U.S.
From page 32...
... 32 Public Transit and Bikesharing Stationless Bikeshare An emerging trend in bikeshare is the development and implementation of "stationless" systems. Originating in China, companies such as Mobike, Ofo, and Bluegogo are among over 30 platforms that offer users quick access to bicycles for a per-trip fee (Li 2017)
From page 33...
... Literature Review and Background Information 33 bicycles do not require bike racks to be secure, but public space is a valuable commodity near transit stations. Bicycles left haphazardly near transit station entrances could make access to transit more difficult for everyone.

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