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Pages 67-72

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From page 67...
... 67 INTRODUCTION Determining mineral rights involves few rigid rules and many court-determined guidelines. As technology develops an everincreasing multitude of uses for the material found below the surface of the land, determining the ownership of these resources is essential.
From page 68...
... 68 Oklahoma Pennsylvania Texas Terms – Additional Notes Pennsylvania interprets the word mineral to apply exclusively to metallic substances. Oil, gas, shale, and shale gas must be explicitly stated in an instrument to convey the right to the resource.
From page 69...
... 69 Plain Meaning States vary in what they consider proper evidence to determine the intention of the parties. The following states interpret the written instrument in light of the plain meaning of the language as utilized by the parties at the time of the interest's transfer.
From page 70...
... 70 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Alabama • Vines v. McKenzie Methane Corp., 619 So.
From page 71...
... 71 • Indigo Minerals, LLC v. Pardee Minerals, LLC, 45,160 (La.
From page 72...
... 72 North Carolina • Builders Supplies Co. of Goldsboro, N

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