Monitoring and Sampling Approaches to Assess Underground Coal Mine Dust Exposures (2018) / Chapter Skim
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4 Efficacy of Current Monitoring Technologies and Sampling Approaches
4 Efficacy of Current Monitoring Technologies and Sampling Approaches
Pages 57-77
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From page 57... ...
As discussed in Chapter 1, the 2014 dust rule of the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) sets forth a respirable dust standard that limits miners' exposures to airborne RCMD in underground coal mines to 1.5 mg/m3 during the full shift that the miner works (30 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR]
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From page 58... ...
Training And Behavior Modification: For miners considered to need to change behavior in Current training and education programs are be exposed to the highest response to dust concentration implemented in a consistent manner across the RCMD concentrations, readings while conducting coal mine industry so that all mine workers are conduct CPDM sampling tasks. knowledgeable of RCMD exposures, resulting during 15 shifts per quarter, in behavior modification for dust exposure when production is at least avoidance in response to information gathered 80% of a specified average.
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From page 59... ...
Representativeness of Exposure Monitoring Data The 2014 dust rule requires that a continuous personal dust monitor (CPDM) be worn by a miner in a designated occupation and other designated occupations to provide measurements for determining regulatory compliance.2 The mine operator and the miner who wears the monitor receive an indication of RCMD exposure concentrations in near-real-time and they can determine whether the airborne RCMD exposure limit of 1.5 mg/m3 is exceeded during the production shift that the miner works.
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From page 60... ...
Respirable Dust Particle Size and Lung Deposition The measurement of RCMD exposure from coal mining operations is usually accomplished using a size-selective sampling device for particles in a size range meeting a respirable sampling convention. There are several ways to describe the meaning of the term respirable dust.
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From page 61... ...
part 74 (Coal Mine Dust Sampling Devices) of this title." That definition of respirable dust is more practical from a legal standpoint than the first definition.
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From page 62... ...
Thus, instruments conforming to the RCMD criterion used in underground coal mines should produce measurements of particles in a size range that are reasonably constant in proportion to the size range of deposited particles or dose of coal mine dust. This should allow, as would seem to be the case for data from epidemiologic studies of underground coal miners, a reasonable association between the measurement of RCMD and the prediction of coal workers' pneumoconiosis.
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From page 63... ...
Efficacy of Current Monitoring Technologies and Sampling Approaches 63 FIGURE 4-2 Aerodynamic particle size distributions from mass measurements for selected underground coal mines showing the predominance of particle sizes 10 µm and greater. On the y axes, C is total carbon and Dp is particle diameter.
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From page 64... ...
to epidemiologic data (where the dose is estimated from monitoring results using a sampler that may be sensitive to particle size distribution changes occurring due to process changes) , this potential difference in respirable dust measurements needs to be taken into account.
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From page 65... ...
. INFORM WORKERS IN DESIGNATED OCCUPATIONS OF A NEED TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO DUST CONCENTRATION READINGS WHILE CONDUCTING TASKS The training requirements of the 2014 dust rule for miners who are to wear the CPDM are contained in 30 CFR 70.201(h)
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From page 66... ...
FIGURE 4-4 Conceptual model of how information from the CPDM might be used to develop institutional change. SOURCE: Peters et al., 2008.
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From page 67... ...
Only when the new beliefs accurately reflect reality can we expect that the effect of the intervention will persist over time. Therefore, in addition to exploring the impetus for change of work habit in the coal mines it will also be necessary to determine if the change persists and for how long.
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From page 68... ...
PROVIDE INFORMATION TO MINE OPERATORS FOR ADDRESSING DUST ISSUES THROUGH PROCESS CONTROL As mentioned previously, personal monitoring involves the use of a device mounted on a miner that indicates the airborne dust concentrations to which a miner is exposed as he or she moves from place to place. In this case, personal exposure would therefore be that amount of RCMD measured in the breathing zone of the miner.
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From page 69... ...
For underground coal mines, there is no established proportionality between the exposure measurements of the designated occupation and other miners who work in the same mine section and do not wear a CPDM. Exposure measurements of the designated occupation provide information to investigate whether process control measures should be adjusted, as discussed previously.
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The CPDM measurements, which are provided in near real time, were found to correlate closely with measurements obtained from using a coal mine dust personal sampler unit (CMDPSU) (Figure 4-11)
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FIGURE 4-9 Continuous personal dust monitor (PDM3700) with cover panel removed.
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Reprinted with permission; 1997, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. FIGURE 4-11 Comparison of measurement data form a coal mine dust personal sampler unit (CMDPSU)
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PROVIDE INFORMATION ON CRYSTALLINE SILICA EXPOSURE FOR DESIGNATED OCCUPATIONS As indicated in Chapter 1, increased silica exposure appears to explain at least some of the observed cases of rapidly progressive pneumoconiosis in coal miners. The 2014 dust rule requires
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From page 74... ...
CONCLUSIONS 1. Effective monitoring technologies and sampling approaches would provide information on not only on the total RCMD mass concentrations for meeting regulatory require ments, but also the hazardous characteristics of RCMD that are of greatest relevance to disease risk in miners.
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1987. Particle size distributions in underground coal mines.
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From page 76... ...
2006. Emerging technolo gies control respirable dust exposures for continuous mining and roof bolting personnel.
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From page 77... ...
2008. Equivalency of a personal dust monitor to the current United States coal mine respirable dust sampler.
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