Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 8-35
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8 Construction and maintenance projects on two-lane two-way highways require a strategy to provide acceptable transportation service to road users while accommodating construction/ maintenance operations. Strategies that can be considered include 1L2W operation, detour, diversion, and use of shoulders.
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Literature Review 9 Figure 2-1. Components of TTC zones (FHWA 2009)
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10 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway Notes: 1. For rural roadways, suggested spacing of advance warning signs (A, B, and C)
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Literature Review 11 MUTCD typical application for flagger control in 1L2W operations. Meanings of symbols used in the typical application are listed in Figure 2-3.
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12 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway Flag Transfer The flag transfer method is carried out by asking the driver of the last vehicle proceeding into the one-lane section to transfer a red flag (or another token) to the flagger at the other end (FHWA 2009)
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Literature Review 13 Notes: 1. For rural roadways, suggested spacing of advance warning signs (A, B, and C)
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14 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway (a) Stop Phase (b)
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Literature Review 15 Note: 1. For rural roadways, suggested spacing of advance warning signs (A, B, and C)
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16 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway Note: 1. For rural roadways, suggested spacing of advance warning signs (A, B, and C)
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Literature Review 17 been near the equipment, they would have stopped and then proceeded as if it were a standard STOP sign. In 1999, MnDOT modified testing conditions and conducted field evaluation of the AFADs at four locations.
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18 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway STOP and WAIT ON STOP -- GO ON SLOW signs, 23% and 31% of the drivers, respectively, stated they would act like they would at a standard STOP sign (stop and then proceed)
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Literature Review 19 Notes: 1. For rural roadways, suggested spacing of advance warning signs (A, B, and C)
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20 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway Using TTCSs for controlling traffic at 1L2W TTC zones can potentially reduce flagger labor costs. In the late 1980s, Ullman et al.
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Literature Review 21 program to optimize TTC zone length and TTCSs on 1L2W sections by minimizing total agency and user costs. Chen and Schonfeld then extended the previous study by introducing accident costs and traffic distributions (Chen and Schonfeld 2004)
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22 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway reported that in 2013, pilot cars were most effective when ADT was low (e.g., ADT less than 2,000 vpd) and there were minimal side roads (ODOT 2013)
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Literature Review 23 University conducted a three-phase study to identify the most cost-effective method of informing drivers of delay time when approaching a 1L2W TTC zone with a pilot car (Hobson 2012, Rys and Jacob 2009, Rys et al.
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24 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway The 6th edition of the HCM has updated the TTC zone capacity section, incorporating NCHRP Project 03-107, "Work Zone Capacity Methods for the Highway Capacity Manual," research achievements. Additional details regarding traffic analysis in 1L2W operations are included in Appendix A
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Literature Review 25 • A modified STOP sign device with yellow light-emitting diode (LED) arrows indicating the allowed direction of travel; • A hybrid signal device with solid red indicating "stop," flashing yellow indicating "proceed with caution," and yellow arrow indicating "prepare to stop"; and • A blank-out sign device with solid red and red circle/slash for both left- and right-turn arrows indicating, "stop," and flashing red and left- or right-turn arrow without red circle/slash indicating left- or right-turn permitted with caution.
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26 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway The tests were carried out during daytime, so nighttime evaluation was not a part of the study, but Schrock et al. suggested that a nighttime evaluation could show both the potential of the devices as well as help refine strategies for their use that maximize safety.
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Literature Review 27 • Type "P" for fire, police, and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel use; • Supplemental items including garments with legs and gaiters; and • Accessories including gloves, arm or leg bands, and headwear.
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28 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway (a) fluorescent yellow with reflective trim (b)
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Literature Review 29 Figure 2-13. Typical application for nighttime flagging (Bryden and Mace 2002)
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30 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway types of light equipment including a 12-V spotlight, a 12-V high-intensity discharge (HID) floodlight, and a light tower with a 2,000 W output were evaluated by Gambatese and Rajendran.
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Literature Review 31 Enhanced/Electronic Advance Signing The MUTCD provides detailed standard and guidance on signing for highway TTC zones (FHWA 2009)
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32 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway For demand management, PCMSs are mostly applied in these situations (FHWA 2013) : • Heavily traveled TTC zones (in which traffic volume exceeds roadway capacity considering construction)
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Literature Review 33 Evaluation of Different Methods Several studies have evaluated different 1L2W traffic control methods. In 1987, Ullman et al.
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34 Practices in One-Lane Traffic Control on a Two-Lane Rural Highway potential for effectively controlling traffic; however, the study authors stated that more data were required to make any conclusion. Recently, TTI researchers evaluated various 1L2W traffic control methods using field studies in Ohio (Finley et al.
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Literature Review 35 Summary A comprehensive literature review of U.S. and international sources was conducted to provide background information on 1L2W traffic control practices and procedures.
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