Integrated Transportation and Land Use Models (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 13-20
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From page 13... ...
13 Since Ira Lowry developed his Model of Metropolis in the early 1960s, the integration of land use and transport has essentially remained unchanged. The land use model provides the location of population and employment used in the transport model to generate travel demand.
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14 Integrated Transportation and Land Use Models Figure 2-1. Land use/transport feedback cycle (Wegener and Fürst 1999)
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Principles for Integration of Land Use and Transport Models 15 Hansen (1959) proved empirically a high correlation between accessibility and urban development.
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16 Integrated Transportation and Land Use Models where Oi = Number of activities with origin i Dj = Number of activities in destination j Xi and Yj = Terms describing the interaction between zone i and zone j A variant of this is accessibility is the logsum term, which can be seen as a distance-digressive averaging, but also has an economic interpretation as the expected utility of (living at) location i under certain conditions (Ben-Akiva and Lerman 1985, Train 2009)
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Principles for Integration of Land Use and Transport Models 17 2.2 Frequency of Interaction Integrated land use/transport models commonly are used to predict the effect of policies and scenarios. The ideal temporal integration is visualized in Figure 2-4.
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18 Integrated Transportation and Land Use Models In reality, however, land use changes slowly. Although the transport system is near an equilibrium, because travelers can change destinations, modes, time of day, and paths within minutes, the land use system tends to "lag behind" the transport system.
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Principles for Integration of Land Use and Transport Models 19 The manual data transfer method, the most basic level of model coupling, includes manual extraction, transfer, and conversion of output produced by one model for use as an input by other models. Although this approach requires minimal initial cost and time to use, it is not convenient when multiple runs and frequent data exchange are required (Brandmeyer and Karimi 2000)
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20 Integrated Transportation and Land Use Models zones, the overall growth is provided exogenously by a national economic input/output model. In theory, the performance of this study area could be fed back into the economic model, as, for example, tighter land use restrictions could push some growth to neighboring regions.
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