Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements (2018) / Chapter Skim
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29 3.1 Introduction This chapter presents different approaches used by transportation agencies for sampling, testing, and controlling the quality of aggregates used in pavement construction. QA methods have been established by many transportation agencies to ensure that the aggregate materials received on the job site have properties to meet desired criteria for utilizing them in construction of a certain pavement layer.
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30 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements • Through producer's QC program at the quarry and according to reduced frequency verification tests mandated by transportation agency; and • Out-of-state quarries are verified quarterly. However, out-of-country quarries are mandatorily tested at redistribution terminals.
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Aggregate Sampling, Testing, and Quality Assurance 31 reducing samples of aggregates to testing sizes. Their specification includes standard procedures for sampling aggregates from a roadway, flowing stream, conveyor belt, stockpile, or truck to ensure representative samples (North Dakota DOT 2015)
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32 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements source (quarry) location while 13 agencies (25%)
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Aggregate Sampling, Testing, and Quality Assurance 33 and porosity to also report the testing procedures, for example, ASTM, AASHTO, or agencydeveloped specification. The number of agencies at each category for individual tests are summarized in Table 3-3.
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34 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements Description of the Test or Property Testing Procedure AASHTO ASTM Agency Specification Degradation - - Idaho IT-15, Alaska Test Method 313, Chapter 8 of Wisconsin DOT Construction and Materials Manual Specific gravity and maximum absorption T 85 Modified - - Micro-deval durability T 327 - - Sand equivalent T 176 - - Organic impurities, coal and lignite T 21 - - Lightweight chert T 19 - - Aggregate durability index T 210 - - Crushed fragments - D5821 Silicon dioxide, insoluble residue - C114 - Nordic abrasion value of coarse aggregates - - Alaska Test Method 312 Clay lumps, shale, soft particles, and friable particles - - Nebraska NDR T 504, Pennsylvania Testing Manual 620 Magnesium oxide/insoluble residue to determine limestone/dolomite and sandstone - - Division 300 and 400 of Illinois DOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Air degrade - - Oregon TM 208 Deleterious materials - - Oklahoma Department Test Methods (OHDL) 9, Pennsylvania Testing Manual 519 Insoluble residue - - Oklahoma Department Test Methods (OHDL)
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Aggregate Sampling, Testing, and Quality Assurance 35 Furthermore, Kansas DOT requires agency specific test procedures for fine aggregates: KT-6 for specific gravity and absorption, KTMR-26 for mortar strength, and KTMR-28 for acid insoluble residue, if requested (Kansas DOT 2017)
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36 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements 3.2.2 Quality Tests Conducted on RAP According to NCHRP Report 452, the binder content and physical properties of RAP aggregates, including particle shape, texture, and angularity, are required for use in mixture design. These factors also control RAP performance for stiffness, crack resistance, modulus, and deformation characteristics (McDaniel and Anderson 2001)
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Aggregate Sampling, Testing, and Quality Assurance 37 Transportation agencies were asked about tests they perform for checking RAP quality requirements for construction of pavement layers. In total, 28 U.S.
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38 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements recycled coarse and fine aggregates, these limits are 10 kg/m3 for impurities such as plasters, clay lumps and other impurities of densities less than 1,950 kg/m3, and 2 kg/m3 for asphalt, plastics, paints, cloth, paper, wood, and similar material particles retained on 1.2 mm sieve, as well as other impurities of densities less than 1,200 kg/m3 (ACI 2001, Hansen 1986)
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Aggregate Sampling, Testing, and Quality Assurance 39 procedure, while two agencies run LAA tests following the ASTM method and three other agencies follow their own specifications. Although the ASR test has been reported in the literature as an important quality indicator of RCA materials and as one of the predominant deterioration means of concrete (Thomas et al.
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40 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements Property Iron Slag ACBFS Steel Slag (type not identified) Table 3-13.
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Aggregate Sampling, Testing, and Quality Assurance 41 agencies perform specific gravity tests on BFS following the AASHTO procedure and only one agency follows the ASTM method. Additionally, three agencies have developed their own procedures for measuring specific gravity of BFS.
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42 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements criteria of Superpave, while the method also ensures good performance (Vavrik et al.
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Aggregate Sampling, Testing, and Quality Assurance 43 prediction of product performance within pre-established limits for a desired portion of the output (Indiana DOT 2017b) and proposes two principles included in an aggregate quality control program: making sure that the correct target quality values are understood and achievable, and controlling variability within pre-established limits.
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