Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, explained the rationale and methods for measuring body fat among service members. Body composition standards exist to sustain and support military performance, he explained, because consistent readiness to perform the mission is imperative and intense physical efforts in harsh environments are often required.
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As noted in the report, current physical accession standards should be maintained as a minimal requirement for all military personnel to ensure an agile and responsive fighting force, she described, with stricter standards for certain military occupational specialties. The military's body composition assessment, which is performed on service members twice per year, plays into retention and separation from service, said Jay Heaney, deputy for the Warfighter Performance Department at the Naval Health Research Center.
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In the military health system, she said, 13 percent of children ages 6 to 17 are overweight and another 17 percent are at risk for becoming overweight.9 Hawkins described examples of how DoD has addressed this issue for service members and families: the 5-2-1-0 healthy military children campaign that encourages healthy food and beverage consumption, physical activity, and recommended screen time behaviors; the Military Family Learning Network, which provides continuing education and resources for professionals working with military families; and health and wellness coaching offered through Military OneSource.10 All of these resources are tailored to the unique needs of the military community, she said. SERVICE-SPECIFIC ISSUES The second panel of speakers expanded on the topics from Session One, discussing how obesity and overweight affect each of the services.
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To incentivize and reward above-average physical fitness, the Marine Corps linked body composition standards to the PFT and the CFT in a way that provides flexibility in meeting the standards if fitness test scores reach a certain threshold, or an exemption from the standards in the presence of superior test scores. Though the Marine Corps is "in a good place with overweight and obesity," observed McGuire, it still faces challenges.
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Lieutenant Colonel Jennifer Harward, deputy chief, Air Force Health Promotion at the Air Force Medical Support Agency, presented five initiatives that the Air Force is testing at different locations to improve health behaviors among active duty service members, dependents, and retirees. Tele-Medical Nutrition Therapy connects registered dietitian 5
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James Sherrard, head of Health Promotion and Wellness at the Naval Hospital Pensacola, highlighted three of the Navy's health promotion initiatives to target the obesity and overweight concerns of active duty and reserve sailors, their families, and DoD civilian staff. ShipShape is the Navy's weight management program, starting with eight weekly sessions that focus on nutrition, physical activity, and mindset, followed by several weeks of follow-up to encourage continued adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
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Blanck highlighted the DNPAO's use of scientific data and evidence to inform what communities and states can do to address obesity, as well as its engagement in cross-agency communication to learn what others in HHS are doing. Regarding collaboration, the Food Service Guidelines for Federal Facilities are an example of a cross-sector initiative with a high potential for having a large impact, "because if we can improve food procurement in child care, schools, work sites, and DoD, we can change the demand for healthy foods and, over time, the crops that are grown in America," Blanck explained.
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Lieutenant Colonel Renee Cole, deputy of the Military Nutrition Division and director of the Healthy Eating Behavior Initiative at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, drew attention to the relative lack of information about service members' eating behaviors compared to their physical fitness, and speculated about the potential to survey service members on a wider range of health-related behaviors.
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Lauren Shern, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, served as the review coordinator. SPONSOR: This workshop was partially supported by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Alliance for a Healthier Generation; American Academy of Pediatrics; American College of Sports Medicine; American Council on Exercise; American Heart Association; American Society for Nutrition; Bipartisan Policy Center; Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation; The California Endowment; ChildObesity180/Tufts University; Chobani; Edelman; General Mills, Inc.; Greater Rochester Health Foundation; HealthPartners; The JPB Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; The Kresge Foundation; Mars, Inc.; National Recreation and Park Association; Nemours; Nestlé Nutrition; Novo Nordisk; Obesity Action Coalition; The Obesity Society; Partnership for a Healthier America; Reebok, International; Reinvestment Fund; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Salud America!
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