The National Academies Press

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1 Introduction and Policy Purpose
Pages 10-14

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From page 10... ... The 2000 report of the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Developing Open Source Software to Advance High End Computing, recommended that the "Federal Government should encourage the development of open source software as an alternate path for software development for high end computing."3 It also recommended an analysis of existing open source licenses that could be distributed to various agencies, and that "the use of common licensing agreements should be encouraged." 1 See https://history.nasa.gov/spaceact.html. 2 See https://earthdata.nasa.gov/nasa-data-policy. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... issued the memorandum "Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research."7 The memo commits each research and development agency to ensure that "the direct results of federally funded scientific research are made available to and useful for the public, industry, and the scientific community. Such results include peer-reviewed publications and digital data." Furthermore, it directs each agency to "develop a plan to support increased public access to the results of research funded by the Federal Government." In response to the OSTP memo, in 2015 NASA developed a Plan for Increasing Access to the Results of Scientific Research, which addresses data, but not software.8 In 2016, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... The legal and executive directives above motivate this study, but they also occur within a larger context of an international movement toward greater transparency and openness of research as an accepted means to increase scientific rigor, expand knowledge, increase the pace of science, and benefit society. This trend is emphasized in a major National Academies report, Open Science by Design: Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research, which was issued in July 2018 and stressed the benefits of open science, including rigor and reliability; faster and more inclusive dissemination of knowledge; broader participation in research; and effective use of resources.11 Open source practices are a key part of these, and indeed, fall under the first three major recommendations of Open Science by Design, which are listed below, and echo the findings and recommendations of the committee in the current report: Recommendation One Research institutions should work to create a culture that actively supports Open Science by Design by better reward ing and supporting researchers engaged in open science practices. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... For example, improved code quality and fewer errors stem from the latter, while reproducibility and efficiency via reuse stem from the former. The better code quality of OSS, versus proprietary or closed source, has been shown within industry settings.14 In science, evidence of OSS benefits is still mostly anecdotal, but strong by way of the counterexamples where errors in software have resulted in retracted papers or erroneous trends in data.15 The efficiency gains from open source development models and code reuse are illustrated plainly with community library development.16 In this context, an OSS policy informed by this study is a logical next step for SMD as it moves toward more openness. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... The report is organized as follows: Chapter 2 provides important definitions, a short explanation of relevant legal issues, and an overview of open source licensing models and development models. Chapter 3 reviews existing policies and the lessons learned from the implementation of those policies (Tasks 1 and 2) Read the entire page →

From page 10...

... The 2000 report of the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Developing Open Source Software to Advance High End Computing, recommended that the "Federal Government should encourage the development of open source software as an alternate path for software development for high end computing."3 It also recommended an analysis of existing open source licenses that could be distributed to various agencies, and that "the use of common licensing agreements should be encouraged." 1 See https://history.nasa.gov/spaceact.html. 2 See https://earthdata.nasa.gov/nasa-data-policy.

Read the entire page →

From page 11...

... issued the memorandum "Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research."7 The memo commits each research and development agency to ensure that "the direct results of federally funded scientific research are made available to and useful for the public, industry, and the scientific community. Such results include peer-reviewed publications and digital data." Furthermore, it directs each agency to "develop a plan to support increased public access to the results of research funded by the Federal Government." In response to the OSTP memo, in 2015 NASA developed a Plan for Increasing Access to the Results of Scientific Research, which addresses data, but not software.8 In 2016, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Read the entire page →

From page 12...

... The legal and executive directives above motivate this study, but they also occur within a larger context of an international movement toward greater transparency and openness of research as an accepted means to increase scientific rigor, expand knowledge, increase the pace of science, and benefit society. This trend is emphasized in a major National Academies report, Open Science by Design: Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research, which was issued in July 2018 and stressed the benefits of open science, including rigor and reliability; faster and more inclusive dissemination of knowledge; broader participation in research; and effective use of resources.11 Open source practices are a key part of these, and indeed, fall under the first three major recommendations of Open Science by Design, which are listed below, and echo the findings and recommendations of the committee in the current report: Recommendation One Research institutions should work to create a culture that actively supports Open Science by Design by better reward ing and supporting researchers engaged in open science practices.

Read the entire page →

From page 13...

... For example, improved code quality and fewer errors stem from the latter, while reproducibility and efficiency via reuse stem from the former. The better code quality of OSS, versus proprietary or closed source, has been shown within industry settings.14 In science, evidence of OSS benefits is still mostly anecdotal, but strong by way of the counterexamples where errors in software have resulted in retracted papers or erroneous trends in data.15 The efficiency gains from open source development models and code reuse are illustrated plainly with community library development.16 In this context, an OSS policy informed by this study is a logical next step for SMD as it moves toward more openness.

Read the entire page →

From page 14...

... The report is organized as follows: Chapter 2 provides important definitions, a short explanation of relevant legal issues, and an overview of open source licensing models and development models. Chapter 3 reviews existing policies and the lessons learned from the implementation of those policies (Tasks 1 and 2)

Read the entire page →

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1 Introduction and Policy Purpose Pages 10-14

1 Introduction and Policy Purpose
Pages 10-14