Understanding the Economics of Microbial Threats Proceedings of a Workshop (2018) / Chapter Skim
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6 Investing in National Preparedness Initiatives Against Microbial Threats
6 Investing in National Preparedness Initiatives Against Microbial Threats
Pages 61-74
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From page 61... ...
She provided opening remarks, highlighting the importance of investing in preparedness to counter infectious disease threats to avoid the high costs of outbreak response. There has been some progress in preparedness efforts, as several countries have strived to implement capacities to boost preparedness by complying to international preparedness instruments including the International Health Regulations (IHR)
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From page 62... ...
EPIDEMIC PREPAREDNESS: LESSONS FROM LIBERIA Tolbert Nyenswah, director general of the National Public Health Institute of Liberia, shared his experiences with strengthening epidemic preparedness capacities in Liberia. He discussed the country's response to recent infectious disease epidemics and their economic impact, and he highlighted the importance of investing in national action plans to prepare for microbial threats.
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From page 63... ...
Strategic Planning for Epidemic Preparedness Nyenswah described Liberia's progress on epidemic preparedness and the importance of national action plans to enhance health security. He explained that national action plans based on global or regional initiatives are subject to routine internal and external assessments based on established metrics such as those outlined in the Global Health Security Agenda Action Packages and JEE tool.
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From page 64... ...
The pathway has led to the creation of Ministry of Agriculture offices at the district level, better coordination between country-level agriculture officers and district level staff, and formal partnerships with private veterinary providers. POTENTIAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTING IN NATIONAL-LEVEL PREPAREDNESS Andreas Gilsdorf, consultant on public health security, described the challenges and opportunities for investing in preparedness initiatives to counter infectious diseases through the lens of monitoring and evaluation of the IHR.
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From page 65... ...
Multisectoral Coordination for Preparedness Because of the multiple players in preparedness efforts, Gilsdorf emphasized the need for multisectoral coordination within government agencies, across international organizations, and with the private sector, as well as high-level political commitment and supporting legal structures. He highlighted that the involvement of the private sector is particularly needed for better exchange of information and better use of limited resources.
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From page 66... ...
Berthe shared examples of targeted support activities including assisting countries on drafting legislation, integrating services through a One Health approach, providing laboratory support, and veterinary professional education. Berthe presented examples from Thailand and Ethiopia that illustrate country responses to the PVS evaluation and the PVS gap analysis findings.
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From page 67... ...
. In Ethiopia, the findings from the PVS gap analysis in 2012 led to the creation of a mobile phone-based animal health information system, improved reporting on animal processing facilities, and a road map to improve veterinary services (OIE, 2018b)
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From page 68... ...
COSTS AND BENEFITS OF IMPLEMENTING A ONE HEALTH APPROACH AGAINST MICROBIAL THREATS Katherine Lee, assistant professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, University of Idaho, described the costs and benefits of the One Health approach to microbial threat preparedness. She began her presentation by laying out three questions that need to be addressed to understand the economics of microbial threats and One Health: What is the value of managing infectious disease threats?
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From page 69... ...
She highlighted the opportunity for the One Health approach to reduce and mitigate zoonotic outbreaks by targeting interventions on both wildlife and livestock. Because these risks are dynamic, the timing of investments is also important, and economic analysis can determine the value of investments made at different points in time (see Figure 6-3)
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From page 70... ...
One Health and Land Use Lee moved on to describing how to better address emerging infectious disease threats through a One Health approach. She said one way to think about this is through examining other overlapping global issues such as land use changes, specifically surrounding land conversion for industrial purposes versus conservation efforts.
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From page 71... ...
Gilsdorf noted that it is critical to invest in communication research to achieve behavioral change and consider the way information is transmitted and has evolved through new media and new styles of journalism and political activity. Thomas Inglesby, director of the Center for Health Security of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, asked the panelists for examples of a strong national One Health intervention and its key
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From page 72... ...
He added that the global response to H5N1 influenza has raised the profile of the One Health approach, but that there is a need for better indicators to consistently measure the success in implementing this approach. Kimberly Thompson, president of Kid Risk, Inc., noted the challenge of accounting for the full effect of preparedness efforts that are put in place and wondered about the possibility of leveraging existing health networks and initiatives to help support these efforts that can lead to systemwide impact.
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From page 73... ...
He highlighted the need for a broader definition of health security that starts with the diseases that currently pose the highest risk and build capacities and infrastructure to address those, which would also prepare the world to better respond to future threats. Lee responded by emphasizing the potential for the One Health approach to address preparedness from the perspective of both current endemic and emerging infectious diseases.
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From page 74... ...
74 UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMICS OF MICROBIAL THREATS Cameron concluded the discussion by agreeing with the need to make better arguments on the importance of investments in the health sector. She noted that health broadly, and not only pandemic preparedness, should be considered a security-related investment, and funders and governments should come together to discuss and agree on the right messaging to advocate for this investment.
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