Traffic Control Devices and Measures for Deterring Wrong-Way Movements (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 45-62
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From page 45... ...
A-1 In order to develop a comprehensive assessment of what is known from existing research with respect to the wrong-way driving (WWD) problem, its causes, and the development, implementation, and evaluation of wrong-way movement countermeasures, the research team conducted a literature review of domestic and international research.
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A-2 that most wrong-way collisions occurred in the leftmost (i.e., inside) lane of the correct direction.
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A-3 in wrong-way driving crashes and those 70 to 79 years old were over twice the number expected based on their proportion of the driving population. More recently, two Texas studies (Cooner et al.
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A-4 • The average BAC level was 0.18 g/dL (over twice the legal limit)
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A-5 cloverleaf interchanges had a greater number of wrong-way crashes than other types of interchanges. California studies also found that left exits appeared to be on-ramps to some wrong-way drivers.
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A-6 of the wrong-way movements on freeways originate at exit ramps. Wrong-way maneuvers on freeways also occur from drivers making U-turns on the main lanes, traveling across the median, and entering from a nonstandard entrance point.
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A-7 to identify the causes of wrong-way movements (Vaswani 1973, 1977a)
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A-8 WWD alerts showed that the driver self-corrected (74 percent)
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A-9 analysis regarding the effectiveness of the lowered signs. However, the limited sample size produced statistically insignificant results.
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A-10 literature and manuals to gain insight into the design of WWD warning messages. Based on the findings, researchers suggested the single-phase message shown in Figure A-1.
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A-11 Buffalo (American Traffic Safety Services Association 2014)
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A-12 • Provide insight into how alcohol-impaired drivers recognize and read signs, and • Assess the conspicuity of select WWD countermeasures from the perspective of alcohol-impaired drivers. Finley et al.
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A-13 • Red reflective strips on DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY sign posts, • Red RRPMs, • Access management, • ITS detection systems, • Oversized DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY signs, and • Enhanced pavement markings. In 2016, the ENTERPRISE Pooled Fund Study published a report that summarized the current practice of wrong-way countermeasures on freeways, including those that use ITSs (Athey Creek Consultants 2016)
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A-14 WWD in a systematic manner. Florida DOT's method included: • Implementing pilot projects, • Conducting a statewide study with crash evaluation and field reviews, • Evaluating and deploying experimental devices, • Conceptualizing a human factors study, • Transforming recommendations to design guidance, • Discussing with planners the interchange types susceptible to WWD, • Retrofitting exit ramps with the recommended countermeasures, and • Leveraging the media to promote awareness and to educate the public.
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A-15 Summary The research team reviewed previous domestic and international research to identify the characteristics of wrong-way crashes and summarize the use of traffic control devices and ITS technologies to deter wrong-way movements on freeways and divided highways. Overall, to date, most of the WWD research has focused on freeways; thus, very little is known about the characteristics of wrong-way crashes and effectiveness of countermeasures on divided highways.
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A-16 References Al-Deek, H., J Rogers, A
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A-17 Tamburri, T
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