An Assessment of Four Divisions of the Physical Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Fiscal Year 2018 (2018) / Chapter Skim
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3 Applied Physics Division
3 Applied Physics Division
Pages 12-23
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From page 12... ...
ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL PROGRAMS Advanced Microwave Photonics The activities of the program are summarized by the division as follows: "We research and develop technical approaches that address near- and medium-term resource bottlenecks in quantum information and quantum computing, specifically in the microwave frequency domain using superconducting circuits."1 The Advanced Microwave Photonics Group (AMPG) consists of three NIST principal investigators, any one of whom could be a professor at a top-25 physics department.
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From page 13... ...
They are the inventors of a novel "drum-based" approach to mechanical motion-microwave photon coupling, with dramatically increased coupling strengths beyond the state of the art. Utilizing mechanical motion strongly coupled to photons offers the ability to both demonstrate fundamental quantum measurement concepts in well-controlled systems and provides opportunities for new devices.
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Parametric multimode theory promises a new class of directional parametric amplifiers, signal routers, programmable filters, and even creation of synthetic gauge fields -- of interest for exploration of new quantum systems. Accomplishments The AMPG has created novel and useful superconducting amplifiers and nonreciprocal systems.
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, such as three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence imaging with entangled photons, in the area of quantum biometrology, and use of Bell inequality experiment as a random-number generator.
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Entangled photons significantly improve ordinary optical techniques, particularly in enhanced microscopy. PML and the NIST Materials Measurement Laboratory (MML)
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for human magnetic resonance imaging systems, and calibrating or measuring the relaxation parameters of proposed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents.
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From page 18... ...
Boss, A.M. Dienstfrey et al., 2018, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarker Calibration Service: Proton Spin Relaxation Times, NIST Special Publication 250-97, U.S.
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The radio-frequencyaddressable sensor assemblies comprise pairs of magnetic disks with interstitial, swellable hydrogel material; these are able to reversibly reconfigure in rapid response to select stimuli and provide dynamic NMR spectral signatures that are geometry dependent. The sensors can be fabricated from biocompatible materials and are themselves detectable at low concentrations.7 Applications include remote sensing of biological tissue mechanical stresses in human physiology research.
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NIST has access to nearby clinical commercial MRI systems, but nonetheless might evaluate whether a clinical system of its own would improve productivity by eliminating wait times, provide opportunities for CRADAs and other partnerships that offset costs, and decrease costs that would otherwise occur using other clinical scanners in the area. Productivity of the investigators is great in spite of sparse evidence of administrative support (e.g., no human resources staff in Boulder)
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The group is developing new atom probe tomography tools. Accomplishments The Quantitative Nanostructure Characterization Group has modified commercial instrumentation to obtain broadband microwave reflection and transmission measurements in the frequency range 1 to 17 GHz.
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Additionally, while there is significant collaboration, it could be increased. The group may benefit from broader collaborations on different materials systems, particularly with the atom probe tomography development.
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From page 23... ...
Other forms of dissemination are workshops, symposia, visiting science and engineering personnel, and the fact that many postdoctoral researchers and affiliates leave NIST to join industry and universities, as well as other government research organizations. Information on involvement in the scientific community through leadership roles, recognition through awards, invited presentations, and international activities was not completely available at the time of this assessment, but members of this division had received national recognition for innovations.
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