An Assessment of Four Divisions of the Physical Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Fiscal Year 2018 (2018) / Chapter Skim
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4 Quantum Electromagnetics Division
4 Quantum Electromagnetics Division
Pages 24-32
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From page 24... ...
Accomplishments At the well-equipped, well-utilized microfabrication facility, superconducting device fabrication capabilities are state of the art and the basis for a broad range of activities across the laboratory. Challenges and Opportunities Development of quantum accurate arbitrary waveform synthesis in the gigahertz range, if successful, may find applications in qubit control.
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From page 25... ...
NIST has used its apparatus developed for electronic measurements of Boltzmann's constant in the development of a fundamental method to measure temperature without using fixed points and extrapolation. This work will harness the Josephson quantum AC voltage generator that has recently been developed by the same group.
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From page 26... ...
The users in the astronomy community of the millimeter-wavelength range, and in the materials analysis, communities using soft x rays, are very well served by these detectors. Opportunities and Challenges The future needs for detectors in millimeter-wavelength astronomy applications can be most efficiently accomplished with the Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID)
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From page 27... ...
The aforementioned development of measurement techniques are great examples of how NIST's core mission also generates understanding of key physical mechanisms underpinning the operation of technologically important materials. Accomplishments The Nano-scale Spin Dynamics group has utilized FMR with world-record sensitivity to identify ultra-low damping in binary compounds of cobalt and iron.
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From page 28... ...
, a recently developed technique that enables depth-resolved imaging of hemoglobin through thick tissues by combining the biochemical specificity of light absorption with the deep penetration of ultrasound. The phantom is based on creating precision distributions of carbon nanotubes, which offer uniform absorption across the visible spectrum.
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From page 29... ...
The BMF has impressive capabilities for materials deposition and for sophisticated fabrication of superconductive tunnel junctions and semiconductor quantum well, dot, and nanowire structures.3 The recently added e-beam lithography tool has allowed greatly enhanced resolution (below 10 nm) , which is essential for magnetic sensors and devices.
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From page 30... ...
They have kept the facility working at near-optimal capacity while turning out thousands of extremely useful sensors, programmable Josephson arrays, and test samples. Opportunities and Challenges Continuing the cross-fertilization of the thin-film materials ideas represents an opportunity, and likely is facilitated by the flexibility of both the clean room equipment and the users and maintainers.
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From page 31... ...
The cross-fertilization of the thin-film materials ideas has been notable and likely is facilitated by the flexibility of the clean room equipment and the non-rigid arrangement of user/maintainer people. Accomplishments The QED has maintained the microfabrication facility's impressive capabilities, and adding the ebeam lithography tool has allowed greatly enhanced resolution (below 10 nm)
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From page 32... ...
Accomplishments The division's use of guest scientists, students, postdoctoral researchers, and visiting researchers increases both its technical vitality and the spread of NIST expertise and knowledge to the outside world. Opportunities and Challenges The division would benefit from increased guidance on the value to NIST of its patent activity vis-à-vis journal publications and other metrics.
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