The National Academies Press

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From page 8... ... 8 Chapter 3 provides guidance on identifying and using performance metrics to evaluate focus areas where airports, the FAA, and airlines have shared interests. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 3.1 Relevant Aspects of NextGen -- Includes metrics to evaluate proposed NextGen (Next Generation Air Transportation System) Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 9 3.1.1 Background "The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is the FAA-led modernization of America's air transportation system to make flying even safer, more efficient, and more predictable."10 NextGen includes innovative and transformative portfolios, capabilities, and technologies. Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... 10 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning these performance metrics must be reported to Congress per Section 214 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012. FAA performance metrics are provided on two websites: Operational Metrics -- https://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation_data_statistics/operational_ metrics/. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 11 congestion."15 Therefore, the following metrics could be useful in considering the potential for NextGen benefits: Percent visual meteorological conditions (VMC) and percent instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... 12 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning service and medium hub primary commercial service. The small airport group included small hub commercial service, nonhub primary commercial service, nonprimary commercial service, reliever, and general aviation. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 13 for small airports is probably increased accessibility in IMC. Typically, small airports are not capacity constrained and therefore throughput is not an issue. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... 14 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning NextGen Technology or Initiative Airport Effects Primary Performance Metrics to Consider RNAV Standard Instrument Departures and Standard Terminal Arrivals May enhance operational throughput if capacity is constrained by terminal airspace; could allow for additional independent arrival and departure routes and de-conflicting airspace. Airport Operator Equipage Maximum Sustainable Throughput RNAV and RNP Instrument Approach Procedures Could increase operational capacity and reduce minimums where ILS approaches are not possible or cause operational constraints; may require obstacle removal and installation or upgrade of approach lights. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 15 events are often complex and interconnected, involving airports, FAA, and airlines, thus creating the need for a collection of relevant metrics that can be used by airport operators to understand and characterize these issues. This subsection describes how metrics in the Performance Metrics Database can address this need and enhance airport operator understanding of system issues and how they impact airport operations. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... Primary Metrics Applicable Airports Diversions into Airport -- Number of Annual All Delays with Passengers on Aircraft that Exceed Department of Transportation (DOT) Tarmac Delay Duration Standards Annually (Domestic) Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 17 and security events. Often, localized issues propagate throughout the system. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 18 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning Metrics specific to weather phenomena, emergencies, and security events are discussed in the following sections. Weather Phenomena. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 19 data, which is the source for the metric Number of Delays by Cause. In addition,Total Time Operations Suspended Due to Adverse Weather and Operations Suspended for Adverse Weather -- Number of Annual provide airport operators a broad view of the time duration and annual number of occurrences, respectively, when airport operations were suspended due to any form of adverse weather. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... 20 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning Winter weather events also require aircraft deicing. Deicing Throughput in Aircraft per Hour is important to the entity conducting aircraft deicing (airport, airline, or consortium) Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 21 NextGen Implementation. FAA is implementing numerous NextGen procedures and technologies. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 22 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning proactively detecting and correcting safety problems via a systematic risk-based manner before they result in aircraft accidents or incidents.21 The FAA is in the process of requiring SMSs at some Part 139 certificated airports.22 Also, the FAA uses SMSs internally in decision making that may affect airports. Airports may find the metrics described in this section useful in developing and implementing an SMS. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 23 The FAA tracks runway incursions and defines them as occurrences "at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft."26 Runway incursions are classified by severity: "a. Accident. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 24 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning of RIM locations is based on 2007–2016 data and includes "airport locations where three or more peak annual runway incursions have occurred in a given calendar year or averaged at least one runway incursion per year when the location was added to the inventory."32 The metric RIM Locations -- Number is the number of RIM airport locations on the RIM inventory. The RIM inventory may be found on the FAA Office of Airports Runway Incursion Mitigation (RIM) Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 25 Annual Part 139 Inspection Results is the number of deficiencies identified in the FAA's annual Part 139 inspection of the airport. This metric includes deficiencies related to the movement area, aircraft rescue and firefighting equipment and personnel preparedness, fueling facilities, and nighttime lighting and marking. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning 3.4 Benchmarking across Airports This section provides guidance on performance metrics that can be used to measure and benchmark airport performance. 3.4.1 Background Measuring and benchmarking airport performance is a key to successful and efficient management of airports, as it involves understanding airport operations, identifying and adopting best practices to improve airport operational performance, and the ability to attract new air services. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 27 Escalators, Moving Walkways, Baggage Claim Equipment and Elevators -- Percent of Time in Service Commercial Number of Operations Core Airports Secondary Metrics Applicable Airports Runway/Taxiway Maintenance Cost All Airline Cost per Terminal Square Foot Commercial Airline Costs per Gate Commercial Landed Weight (1000 Lbs.) Commercial Domestic Passenger Flights -- Number of Commercial International Passenger Flights -- Number of Commercial Domestic Flights -- Number of All Cargo Commercial International Cargo Flights -- Number of Commercial Domestic Landed Weight -- All-Cargo Aircraft Commercial International Landed Weight -- All-Cargo Aircraft Commercial International Arriving Passengers Commercial Connecting Passengers -- Annual Commercial Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning and governance structure. The metrics used to identify peer airports need to reflect these characteristics. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 29 that can be used to help explain the observed efficiency performance are also included in the Performance Metrics Database. The selection of specific metrics will depend on the goals and objectives of a specific benchmarking program. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 30 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning on fees and charges imposed on airlines, which would determine the cost for an airline to operate at the airport. Average Gate Departure Delay and Average Taxi-Out Delay reflect the congestion levels and efficiency levels at the airport. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 31 3.5 Airport Geometry Impact on Operations This section provides guidance on performance metrics that can be used to consider the impacts of airport geometry on airport operations. 3.5.1 Background Airport geometry is designed to promote safe and efficient aircraft operations. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 32 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning Visibility minimums are also considered in designing airport geometry. For example, runway design standards are based on the Runway Design Code. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 33 Modeling Airfield Geometry Airport geometry can affect airfield operations and airport capacity and delay. Parallel runway separation can influence capacity in instrument metrological conditions. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning Analyzing Historical Data Reviewing historical data can reveal important information on the impact of airfield geometry complexity on operations. For example, based on the history of the potential risk of collision or runway incursion on an airport movement area, the FAA identified hot spots where heightened attention by pilots and drivers is necessary. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 35 3.6 Gate Management and Ramp Tower Operations This section provides guidance on performance metrics that can be used to evaluate gate management and ramp tower operations. 3.6.1 Background Gate management includes the actions taken by some entity at the airport responsible for assigning gate space to an aircraft. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning the presence of large aircraft affecting adjacent gates, or a high number of irregular operations. The metrics discussed in this database can be used to assess the severity of ramp control issues and provide benchmarking for mitigating these issues, including assessing the performance of active ramp control. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 37 Serious Number Injuries/Fatalities of Employees and Passengers on Aircraft Aprons would be another metric to consider in determining the need for ramp control. Analyzing demand, capacity, and delay metrics can assist in identifying challenges or constraints related to ramp operations and strategies at a given airport. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning Finally, for airports in cold weather climates, metrics related to deicing facilities, Dedicated Deicing Positions -- Number of, and throughput, Deicing Throughput, may influence the performance of an existing ramp control. 3.7 Regulations/Requirements This section provides guidance on performance metrics that airports are required to track/ report per federal laws and regulations. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 39 Amount of Deicing or Anti-Icing Agent (by type) Applied to Aircraft -- per Season, Amount of Deicing or Anti-Icing Agent Applied to Airfield (by type) Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning Criteria Pollutant Emissions are the quantities of criteria pollutants [carbon monoxide (CO) , nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Focus Area Performance Metrics 41 Snow Removal Resources Identified in FAA-Approved Snow and Ice Control Plan is the number of pieces of snow removal equipment (by type) in FAA-approved snow and ice control (removal) Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 Common Performance Metrics for Airport Infrastructure and Operational Planning Annual Aircraft Operations is the total number of annual takeoffs and landings by passenger, cargo, and noncommercial (general aviation and military) aircraft. Read the entire page →

From page 8...

... 8 Chapter 3 provides guidance on identifying and using performance metrics to evaluate focus areas where airports, the FAA, and airlines have shared interests. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 3.1 Relevant Aspects of NextGen -- Includes metrics to evaluate proposed NextGen (Next Generation Air Transportation System)