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2 Two Communities
Pages 31-48

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From page 31... ... . In 2017, the total spent on intelligence was $70.3 billion, of which $53.5 billion was for national intelligence (the remainder was for military intelligence) Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... national or homeland security. Intelligence can provide insights not available else where that warn of potential threats and opportunities, assess probable outcomes of proposed policy options, provide leadership profiles on foreign officials, and inform official travelers of counterintelligence and security threats. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Office of the Director of National Intelligence 10. Central Intelligence Agency Department of Energy 11. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA) 5 established ODNI to lead the IC, and charged it with synchronizing the collection, analysis, and counterintelligence carried out across the IC agencies (Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 2013) Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... has a different focus: integration of intelligence collected by the various service branches into "defense intelligence" used to support the missions of U.S. military forces (Defense Intelligence Agency, 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... . Operational intelligence concerns the capabilities and intentions of adversaries, and is used both in military contexts (e.g., to monitor events or support military campaigns) Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... , a component of the Defense Intelligence Agency, is the focal point for all national and Department of Defense MASINT matters. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... They may examine, for example, individual mental processes that guide behavior, ways in which cultural practices and attitudes are shared and evolve across generations, or how water shortages are influencing political developments in a particular region. Within each SBS discipline, moreover, there are multiple subspecialties that have developed their own research approaches and methodologies. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Application of these emerging ideas in the context of national security concerns is a promising frontier for further research. A third trend that cuts across SBS fields is growing understanding that a significant majority of SBS research has relied on information collected within cultures that are Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... A brief look at an emerging phenomenon -- big data -- that has had a significant impact on both SBS research and intelligence analysis highlights the overlap between these two endeavors; we also look briefly at interdisciplinary collaborations and at key differences between the two communities. More Data and More Ways to Analyze Them The digitization of society has resulted in an exponential increase in the amount of data available to analyze, and has made access to new sorts of data easy and widespread -- a phenomenon loosely referred to as "big data."13 While there is no one best definition of the term "big data," it is generally used to refer to extremely large sets of digital data that cannot be digested without advanced analytic techniques. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... . This relatively new data glut has precipitated considerable progress in descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytic techniques as researchers have pursued ways to use newly available types of data: • Descriptive analytic techniques are means of summarizing large tracts of data to discern patterns, often using exploratory data analyses. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... data -- are sources of information that analysts and policy makers can use to better monitor and understand global events in real time and at a finer granularity than was previously possible. Advances in machine learning, robust optimization, computer-assisted content analysis, social network analysis, agent-based modeling, and other emerging computational approaches are facilitating the generation of reliable and robust SBS insights using big data. Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... , and may be applied to measurements of neural degeneration related to cognitive function and assessments of readiness for complex tasks. These examples illustrate the significant potential of big data and related developments for both SBS researchers and intelligence analysts, but also highlight challenges. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... Analysts, by contrast, are focused on objectives related to national security and foreign policy. As discussed in Chapter 4, they may have a range of specific assignments, which may require them to seek deep understanding of a region, historical trends, and other more general knowledge quite similar to that sought by academic researchers. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Washington, DC: CQ Press. Defense Intelligence Agency. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... . Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... U.S. National Intelligence: An Over view. Read the entire page →

From page 31...

... . In 2017, the total spent on intelligence was $70.3 billion, of which $53.5 billion was for national intelligence (the remainder was for military intelligence)

2 Two Communities Pages 31-48

2 Two Communities
Pages 31-48