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Transgenic Neuroscience Research Exploring the Scientific Opportunities Afforded by New Nonhuman Primate Models: Proceedings of a Workshop (2019) / Chapter Skim
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4 Translating Research from Nonhuman Primates to Humans
Pages 27-34

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From page 27...
... . • Calcium imaging in deep layers of the marmoset cortex is possible in freely moving animals, enabling the monitoring and decoding of complex behaviors (Okano)
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From page 28...
... He suggested that manipulating the gene in nonhuman primates could provide not only a model for understanding the neurobiology of this form of autism, but also for testing new therapeutic interventions. Karen Parker described what she called a translational research roadmap for autism that begins by developing sophisticated animal models to identify biomarkers and targets; translates those monkey findings to autism patients; and then uses that model to test novel treatments.
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From page 29...
... She and her colleagues then used this information to develop a monkey social behavior test battery that would allow them to interrogate the core symptoms seen in patients. Criteria for these tests included ecological relevance, prior successful use in macaques or related macaque species, the ability to generate variation in performance, and no need for extensive training prior to test administration.
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From page 30...
... ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR NONHUMAN PRIMATES In addition to developing these new disease models, tools will be needed to assess behavior and cognition in nonhuman primates in a manner that translates to human conditions, said Angela Roberts. For example, more than 20 years ago, Roberts and colleagues developed a battery of tests for use in nonhuman primates to assess various aspects of cognitive function, including working memory, visual recognition memory, visual spatial processing, planning, and behavioral flexibility.
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From page 31...
... . BRAIN MAPPING AND IMAGING IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED NONHUMAN PRIMATES Marmosets are an ideal model for longitudinal imaging studies of brain development because they are fully developed by 2 years of age, said Roberts.
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From page 32...
... SOURCE: Presented by Hideyuki Okano, October 4, 2018. in deep layers of the marmoset cerebral cortex using a microendoscope -- a miniaturized fluorescent microscope mounted on the skull to enable deep imaging of freely behaving animals (Ghosh et al., 2011)
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From page 33...
... Okano is now developing techniques to monitor the activity of neurons in control and disease model marmosets. He predicted that the microendoscope will also make possible other imaging advances, including imaging of deeper brain areas such as the basal ganglia, pathway-specific and cell-type-specific imaging using Cre lines and in vivo genome editing, and imaging multiple sites simultaneously.
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Key Terms

  • prefrontal cortex
  • behavioral flexibility
  • nonhuman primate
  • primate research
  • brain imaging

  • calcium imaging
  • marmoset brain
  • brain circuits
  • translational research
  • tests included

  • social competence
  • csf vasopressin
  • animal models
  • vasopressin levels
  • human autism

  • mirror images
  • research roadmap
  • mapping brain
  • trolateral prefrontal
  • using cre

  • angela roberts
  • set shifting
  • switch attention
  • prosocial behavior
  • dissociation using

  • social cues
  • parker thought
  • beneto foundation
  • performed calcium
  • cortex using


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