Guidelines for Detection and Remediation of Soluble Salt Contamination Prior to Coating Steel Highway Structures (2019) / Chapter Skim
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A-1 The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) Technology Guide 15, Field Methods for Extraction and Analysis of Soluble Salts on Steel and Other Nonporous Substrates A P P E N D I X A
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A-2 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings Technology Guide 15 Field Methods for Extraction and Analysis of Soluble Salts on Steel and Other Nonporous Substrates 1. Scope 1.1 methods for the extraction and analysis of soluble salts on steel and other nonporous substrates.
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A-3 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 3.2 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO) STANDARDS:2 ISO 8502 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness– Part 2 Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned surfaces (ISO 8502-2)
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A-4 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 TABLE 1 OVERVIEW OF FIELD METHODS FOR RETRIEVAL AND ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE SALTS FROM STEEL AND OTHER NONPOROUS SURFACES Methodology (see section number for more detail) Surface Sampling via Extraction Medium (Applicable ISO Standard)
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A-5 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 3.3 NACE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD3 NACE SP0508-2010 Methods of Validating Equivalence to ISO 8502-9 on Measurement of the Levels of Soluble Salts 4. Field Methods Measuring Total Soluble Salts by Conductivity 4.1 Fully Automated Conductivity Measurement Techniques: Recent innovations in salinity testing devices have 3 NACE International, 1440 South Creek, Houston, TX 77084.
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A-6 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 5 available in each manufacturer's website (refer to Appendix D)
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A-7 amount of fluid from the ampoule is required for the test to complete, so fluid will still remain in the SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 Make sure the sensor test pad is in full contact with the surface under test. If in an overhead orientation, also apply tape to hold the ampoule to the surface just to provide additional support due to the weight of the solvent.
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A-8 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 Step 8. Obtain a control sample using the same procedure (i.e., eliminate the surface swabbing steps)
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A-9 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 4.2.2.4 Advantages of the Patch Cell Multi-Step Conductivity Measurement Technique 1. The cells, as attached with adhesive, can conform to curved and irregular surfaces.
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A-10 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 5.2.1 Chloride Ion Paper Strip Test of Swab/Wash or Latex Patch/Cell Extracts 5.2.1.1 Overview of the method: In this technique chloride ion paper test strips13 are utilized to determine chloride ion concentrations of swab- or patch cell-extracted solutions. Advantages and limitations of the swab extraction method are discussed in Sections 4.2.1.4 and 4.2.1.5 respectively.
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A-11 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 for patch cell extraction and testing protocol. Extraction solu- tion is obtained using either the swab or patch cell method.
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A-12 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 5.2.5.2.3 Calculations: Measurement of ferrous ion per kit operating instructions for proprietary solution. 5.2.5.3 Sleeve Extract for Chloride, Nitrate and Sulfate (CNS)
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A-13 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 5.2.5.6 Limitations of the latex sleeve methodology 1. The adhesive sleeve may not adhere well to rusted surfaces, but may adhere so well to clean or grit blasted surfaces that it is difficult to remove the adhe- sive sleeve from the surface.
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A-14 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 TABLE 2 OVERVIEW OF LABORATORY METHODS FOR RETRIEVAL AND ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE SALTS FROM STEEL AND OTHER NONPOROUS SURFACES Methodology (see section number for more detail) Surface Sampling via Extraction Medium (Applicable ISO Standard)
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A-15 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 6.1.2 Reference Boiling Extraction Method Step 1. Place the following items in the pan or glass beaker: • Approximately 500 ml of reagent water • Between 5 and 10 anti-bumping granules • A test panel (see item 6.1.1, item 4)
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A-16 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 APPENDIX A: CONVERSIONS A.1 Determining Surface Concentration from Solution Concentration One can convert the solution concentration to an equiva- lent surface concentration as follows: APPENDIX B: DETERMINING EQUIVALENT SURFACE CONCENTRATION FROM CONDUCTIVITY Note: The ability to remove all of the soluble salt ions from the surface of a structure that has been in service for extended periods of time and is severely corroded and or pitted has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, all extraction tests remove E = C V A Where: (Formula 1)
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A-17 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 significantly among different situations. Some of the significant variables are: • The method of extraction • The proficiency of the operator • The degree of roughness of the surface • The size of the area being extracted • The type and concentration of the salt • The degree of corrosion and pitting of the substrate • The extraction time • The method of contamination (i.e., by artificial or natural methods)
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A-18 SSPC-Guide 15 August 21, 2013 APPENDIX D: SOURCES OF TESTING EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Information on suppliers of testing and analytical equipment may be found in the Journal of Protective Coatings and Linings Buyer's Guide. The web sites listed below also provide contact information and links to manufacturers of coating testing equipment and supplies.
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