Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 45-63
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From page 45... ...
45 This research on the relationship between the car and the plane in long-distance travel focuses attention on two kinds of tripmaking that are, arguably, separable into two research areas. First, the automobile is a competitor to the airplane for a full long-distance trip: Chapters 2 and 3 of this report focus on the reasons why a traveler would take a trip primarily by plane or entirely by car.
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From page 46... ...
46 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile chapter is devoted to an analysis of how ground access considerations interact with other factors, resulting in a leakage pattern in which passengers from the seemingly logical prime area are "lost" to larger competing airports. The role of automobile technology relative to airport choice and leakage is then summarized.
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From page 47... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 47 design/operation of the airports, among other attributes. There are likely cases where any one of those attributes causes an air passenger to choose an airport that is less attractive than other alternative airports along all of the other attributes.
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From page 48... ...
48 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile Willingness to Pay and Airport Choice Chapter 6 of this report will provide details on the airport and mode choice models developed for ACRP Project 03-40, but a few observations from those models can illustrate the ways that travelers value each of the attributes associated with available airports. These observations come from the estimates of "willingness to pay" derived from these models.
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From page 49... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 49 competitive with air travel, but the effects also extended, to a much lesser degree (−2%) , to the longest (1,600- to 3,200-mile)
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From page 50... ...
50 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile of driving longer distances. Interregional airport passenger leakage has been documented for decades from airports in small or rural cities (Kanafani and Abbas 1987, Innes and Doucet 1990, Grubesic and Wei 2012, Wittman, 2014)
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From page 51... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 51 enplane between 1.9 and 6.1 million passengers per year and do not serve as hubs for a major airline; thus, they tend to have a mix of flights that travel directly to a large hub to facilitate connecting traffic and some non-stop service to other non-hub markets. Small airports enplane between 400,000 and 1.8 million passengers per year and serve significantly fewer flights than do large and medium airports.
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From page 52... ...
52 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile apart. Airport pairs for which the small or medium airport is within 300 miles of two large airports were eliminated from consideration, since it would be difficult to isolate the leakage volumes to each of the large airports.
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From page 53... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 53 LOCAL AIRPORT SUBSTITUTE AIRPORT AND MEGAREGION MAP Lovell Field Airport (CHA) (Chattanooga, TN)
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From page 54... ...
54 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile In addition, the research team estimated the percentage of difference in fares for itineraries from the local and substitute airport with the same destination (discarding destinations served by the substitute airport that were not directly served by the local destination)
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From page 55... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 55 substitute airports. Airfares for connecting itineraries at the local airport generally appeared to be higher than for non-stop flights at the associated substitute airport, in some cases 20%–60% higher.
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From page 56... ...
56 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile to 2012, when the airlines reduced their services, particularly in short-haul markets (as documented in Chapter 2)
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From page 57... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 57 Highway Traffic Due to Airport Market Leakage The research team's analysis of the effects of leakage included an estimation of the proportion of traffic on interstate highways connecting local to substitute airports that could be attributed to travelers driving long distances between the catchment of the local airport to/from a substitute airport. The estimate is based on the ratio of the travelers leaked to the substitute airport per day and the average annual daily traffic (AADT)
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From page 58... ...
58 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile as these sections see relatively low levels of traffic. Low-trafficked areas, such as those seen in the more rural areas of Arizona, South Carolina, Alabama, and Oklahoma, might see 10% to 12% of their daily traffic coming from people driving to Dallas for air service.
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From page 59... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 59 Airport Leakage and Diversions to the Automobile The research conducted under ACRP Project 03-40 indicates the strength of the connection between the air and surface intercity transportation systems and provides justification for integrated air-highway transportation planning. Policies and actions taken by large airports and airlines at large airports have significant implications for both neighboring local airports and the interstate highway system.
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From page 60... ...
60 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile stress at larger airports increases, tickets become cheaper, the stress of driving increases, the relative cost of driving increases, and future generations are somewhat less automobile oriented. Isolating the Impacts of New Aircraft Technology This research showed significant levels of market support for the combination of assumptions included in Scenario 3.
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From page 61... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 61 performance. They can also be activated or deactivated as appropriate for different phases of flight.
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From page 62... ...
62 Air Demand in a Dynamic Competitive Context with the Automobile which would limit the ability to take appropriate action when intervention is required. To avoid these problems, many believe that successful replacement of a first officer with an automated agent will require more than simply automating specific tasks.
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From page 63... ...
The Role of the Automobile in the Future of Smaller American Airports: Leakage from Smaller Airports to Larger Ones 63 may deter leakage and, in some instances, induce a mode shift from driving for the entire trip. Lastly, these new-technology aircraft may create additional feeder services, either connecting smaller airports to more large hubs or, in some cases, connecting airports currently without commercial service to the airline network.
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