Simulation Options for Airport Planning (2019) / Chapter Skim
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25 It can sometimes be difficult to select the appropriate analytical method or simulation tool for a specific airport planning or design study. Some tools are custom designed for specific purposes, whereas others are more generic but equally as valid depending on the study.
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26 Simulation Options for Airport Planning Figure 10. Survey results -- factors considered in simulation tool selection.
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Simulation Tool Application Guidelines 27 assist in informing key decision making in this regard. However, a high-fidelity and expensive simulation software used on a small project can easily drive project costs and schedules out of control.
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28 Simulation Options for Airport Planning and calibration, they provide the necessary granularity and environmental controls to support costly decisions. As mentioned in the Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD)
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Simulation Tool Application Guidelines 29 Some of the most common metrics derived from such tools are: • Capacity. • Delays.
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30 Simulation Options for Airport Planning Airport Capacity and Delay Studies Whereas master planning studies use purpose-built simulation scenarios to evaluate proposed airport layout changes, capacity and delay studies are commonly used to assess the impacts of future demand growth on existing or proposed infrastructure. These studies are more common and informal than the ones for master plans and typically evaluate aspects related to future airport capacity saturation as well as benefits gained from major infrastructure changes such as new runways and terminals.
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Simulation Tool Application Guidelines 31 a higher fidelity simulation study of airport and runway capacity in which other factors such as taxiways, aprons, and gates are known to have had direct impacts on the overall airport and runway capacity. For higher fidelity airfield capacity and delay studies, the simulation effort mimics that of a master plan, but generally, capacity and delay studies focus more on throughput and delay metrics based on specific future demand rather than on the comparison of different layout alternatives.
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32 Simulation Options for Airport Planning Terminal Passenger Flows A passenger's first impression on their journey is the airport terminal. From the entrance to the boarding gate, the airport terminal is designed to ensure a seamless passenger experience from check-in through security checkpoints to the boarding areas.
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Simulation Tool Application Guidelines 33 Generally, passenger flow simulation tools use stochastic distributions of passenger transit and processing times to represent real-world processes. These distributions of historic passenger characteristics, behavior, and trends are based on data collected by the airport or through visual observation conducted purposely for the studies.
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34 Simulation Options for Airport Planning Terminal System Design and Planning In addition to passengers, terminal operations depend on the efficient operation of several other subsystems within the terminal structure. Passenger baggage systems are an integral terminal subsystem that connects passengers and their baggage with aircraft.
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Simulation Tool Application Guidelines 35 Similar to passenger flow simulation tools, baggage system simulations depend heavily on focused input data. This includes daily passenger demand distributions, flight and gate schedules, the percentage of passengers that have checked versus carry-on baggage, the percentage of checked bags that undergo manual Transportation Security Administration checks, the percentage of transiting versus origin-destination passengers, and so on.
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36 Simulation Options for Airport Planning In many ways, the simulation tools used to model curbside operations are based on generic simulation principles that focus on queues and processing times. Data input requirements for curbside simulation tools generally include information on the roadway layout, vehicle traffic demand, vehicle traffic characteristics, and passenger and group characteristics, as well as airline and flight information for passengers to ensure that pickup and drop-off areas are used appropriately.
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Simulation Tool Application Guidelines 37 Simulation tools can also feed noise and emission models that use flight tracks, traffic demand, and traffic mix information to visually depict changes in ground noise and emission impacts. This information can support subsequent EISs as well as public outreach efforts.
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38 Simulation Options for Airport Planning studies in support of NextGen technology evaluations usually require the use of multiple simulation tools and data input/output interfaces must be supported. This is particularly true because simulation tools are rarely purpose-built to be able to directly model future concepts and technologies.
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Simulation Tool Application Guidelines 39 However, more than 50 percent of the survey respondents also noted that they frequently use simulation tools for more tactical operations planning tasks. The types of projects noted include: • Near-term improvements that assume the use of existing procedures and technology.
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40 Simulation Options for Airport Planning report presentations. Frequently, the need for more detailed metrics may require custom software tools to extract and analyze simulation data.
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