Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems for Airports (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 60-106
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60 In this chapter, 15 airport case studies are presented. The case studies appear in alphabetical order by city name.
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Figure 17. ASHRAE climate zones for U.S.
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62 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Figure 18.
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Airport Case Studies 63 Figure 19. Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport aerial view.
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64 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Lessons Learned and Best Practices • Maintenance staff and ground handling crews are trained on proper equipment use by the equipment manufacturers.
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Airport Case Studies 65 Figure 20. Aerial view of Boston Logan International Airport.
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66 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Finance Strategy • Gate electrification equipment ownership is mixed.
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Airport Case Studies 67 • Collaboration and coordination between airlines and airports is important in: – System design, funding, grant applications, and acquisition decisions; – Development of team approaches to operating and maintaining equipment; – Reporting on performance and outcomes to address issues, solve problems, and establish new best practices. 6.3 Burlington International Airport (BTV)
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68 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Figure 21.
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Airport Case Studies 69 ground crew about equipment availability, and when such miscommunication occurs when systems are connected to the aircraft. An example of this miscommunication includes when a ground crew member connects the PCA and GPU but the pilot leaves the APU running, even if the PCA is sufficient to heat or cool the aircraft.
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70 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports • If airport electricians cannot identify the cause of a broken GPU, the crew will check whether the system is operable for the next aircraft to verify whether it is an issue with the GPU or if the problem originated at the aircraft connection.
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Airport Case Studies 71 Figure 22. Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport aerial view.
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72 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Finance Strategy • Utilize FAA VALE grants.
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Airport Case Studies 73 Lessons Learned and Best Practices • Maintenance personnel are responsible for a variety of systems, including PCA, ground power, jet bridges, and baggage-handling systems. Often, when there are competing maintenance demands, jet bridges and baggage systems will receive priority, which results in longer outages for the PCA and ground power systems.
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74 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Figure 24.
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Airport Case Studies 75 not electricity consumption. While the airport does track use of VALE-funded equipment and calculates estimated emissions savings from these data, the airport does not systematically track utilization of their gate electrification systems (i.e., the amount of time the equipment is in use compared to the amount of time the equipment could potentially be in use)
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76 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports • Maintenance budgets and staffing levels are sufficient to maintain equipment and to quickly repair damaged units.
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Airport Case Studies 77 Figure 25. Aerial view of Kansas City International Airport terminals.
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78 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports equipment is out of service, the airlines have to adjust operations as needed within their own gates.
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Airport Case Studies 79 discuss concerns or problems. If a problem arises, airlines call a duty phone, and a response is provided within 15 minutes.
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80 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports • Focus on training staff to prevent equipment misuse and to ensure that PCA and ground power units are shut down properly by ground crew, reiterating that it is crucial to use proper shut-down procedures and only use the emergency shut-down button in the event of a fire or a real emergency.
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Airport Case Studies 81 Figure 27. Aerial view of Memphis International Airport.
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82 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Drivers for Installation • Ongoing modernization project will move all gates to Concourse B, where they will all be equipped with gate electrification systems.
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Airport Case Studies 83 Figure 28. Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport.
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84 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports gate equipment is down for an extended period or if there are emergency landings.
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Airport Case Studies 85 6.9 Pittsburgh International Airport (PIT) , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Background The existing terminal building at Pittsburgh International Airport opened in 1992 (Figure 29)
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86 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports The airport recently announced plans to modernize the terminal, updating how the airport looks and operates.
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Airport Case Studies 87 Planning and Policy • Original installation was driven by US Airways, but all airlines are supportive. The airport is working in collaboration with airlines on system and equipment needs for the modernization project.
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88 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports a number of environmental goals, including minimizing the impact of operations on air quality.
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Airport Case Studies 89 consumption by approximately 6 million gallons, carbon monoxide emissions by 122 tons, and carbon dioxide by 62,000 tons" (Port of Portland 2017)
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90 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports • An Operational and Maintenance Plan is in place.
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Airport Case Studies 91 Figure 31. Sacramento International Airport aerial.
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92 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports • The secondary motivation was to provide attractive service to air carriers due to understood fuel and maintenance cost of running the APU.
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Airport Case Studies 93 Lessons Learned and Best Practices • When ambient temperatures are above 100°F to 105°F, the PCA has difficulty cooling aircraft. • Pavement heat transfers to hoses, even with insulation.
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94 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Figure 32.
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Airport Case Studies 95 Finance Strategy • Southwest Airlines purchased their own PCA and ground power equipment for their 11 gates. • The airport funded the electrification of their 40 airport-owned gates through the capital projects budget as part of the modernization project and received VALE grants for the remaining gates in FY 2011 and FY 2013.
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96 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports 6.13 Seattle–Tacoma International Airport (SEA)
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Airport Case Studies 97 Figure 34. Aerial view of Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
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98 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Finance Strategy • Leverage VALE grants.
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Figure 36. Central plant monitoring software display.
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100 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports • Challenges related to aligning data from the building automation system with the actual time the aircraft remain at the gates and the inability to track APU use limits overall utilization calculations.
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Airport Case Studies 101 Figure 37. Aerial view of Tallahassee International Airport.
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102 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Finance Strategy • The state will fund new jet bridges through the Florida Department of Transportation and passenger facility charges.
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Airport Case Studies 103 Figure 38. PCA hoses at Zurich International Airport (Source: Zurich International Airport)
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104 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Figure 39.
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Airport Case Studies 105 Figure 41. Initial position of temperature sensor on jet bridge ( left )
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106 Optimizing the Use of Electric Preconditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power Systems at Airports Lessons Learned and Best Practices • The airport provides support to airlines, including brochures on aircraft ground energy systems at Zurich International, flyers distributed to pilots and airline headquarters staff, and a one-page checklist for cockpit crews concerning connection to systems and on APU restrictions.
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