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Pages 81-92

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From page 81...
... A-1 A P P E N D I X A Literature Review Summary This appendix summarizes a review of literature related to calculating the return on investment (ROI) in achieving or maintaining a state of good repair (SGR)
From page 82...
... A-2 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair Key Findings Industry Practice Barron et al.
From page 83...
... Literature Review Summary A-3 that estimating it requires the modeler to know the preferred arrival time of each traveler. In practice, researchers often discard the additional lateness penalty, DL, to simplify model estimation.
From page 84...
... A-4 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair Since this model has seen limited use outside of the UK, Sweden, and Greece, there are fewer published reliability multipliers in academic literature. Furthermore, some concerns have been raised regarding the validity of this approach by Börjessen et.al.
From page 85...
... Literature Review Summary A-5 have been the predominant form of data collection due to a number of practical considerations. However, researchers have found it difficult to present concepts of reliability and probabilities of various travel times to survey participants in a generally understandable way and consistent way.
From page 86...
... A-6 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair measures for large-scale BCA. An advantage of using a formulation with the mean and the standard deviation of travel time is that by choosing this approach, modelers can draw on a large body of published VOR from the United States, Europe, and Australia.
From page 87...
... Literature Review Summary A-7 travel demand model is available, standard factors for elasticity of demand with respect to travel times or generalized costs can be applied. An intermediate option is to use a regression model to predict changes in demand (23, 24)
From page 88...
... A-8 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair This assessment is echoed by Bates et al.
From page 89...
... Literature Review Summary A-9 4. As the travelers shift from transit to auto, travelers and the local economy may experience secondary economic impacts in terms of higher travel costs per trip, greater peak-hour congestion on roads, and greater emissions.
From page 90...
... A-10 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair example. These are important aspects that may be considered when justifying and prioritizing SGR investments.
From page 91...
... Literature Review Summary A-11 7. Gaver, D.P.
From page 92...
... A-12 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair 24. Iseki, H., and R

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