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From page 93... ... B-1 A P P E N D I X B Annotated Bibliography Models of State of Good Repair Investment Spy Pond Partners, LLC; KKO & Associates, LLC; Harry Cohen; and Joseph Barr. TCRP Report 157: State of Good Repair: Prioritizing the Rehabilitation and Replacement of Existing Capital Assets and Evaluating the Implications for Transit. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... B-2 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair • Standards for asset data and condition assessment; • Synthesis of models and approaches for track and track-related assets used in passenger and freight rail in the United States and abroad; • Research on the relationship between asset condition and user impacts, such as delay; • Improved high-level models for relating investment levels to performance; • Quantification of transit agency prioritization strategies; and • Guidance on applying asset management concepts to transit. Spy Pond Partners, LLC; Harry Cohen, and Katherine O'Neil. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... Annotated Bibliography B-3 multimodal networks, including options such as combinations of car and public transportation. They specify reliability as a fixed 0.2 probability of a delay of x minutes occurring, where x is varied between 0, 10, 15, 20, or 30 minutes, depending on the experiment. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... B-4 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair delays consistently increases more slowly than linearly with the delay risk, and hence that the reliability multiplier (how many minutes of travel time a minute of average delay is worth) will in fact depend on the risk level -- the lower the risk, the higher the reliability multiplier. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... Annotated Bibliography B-5 Minneapolis–St. Paul area. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... B-6 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair paper is to estimate the "scheduling cost" -- i.e., the additional cost of travel time to travelers because they need to leave their home earlier due to unreliability in travel times. The airport access cost function contains an additional cost term at the point where a traveler misses a flight. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... Annotated Bibliography B-7 true in large networks with many transfer passengers. Using a stated preference experiment with Australian automobile users and a mixed multinomial logit model, the authors then present new evidence. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... B-8 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair elements, incident causes, operational impacts, and passenger impacts. They find that 21 systems were able to provide basic incident data, but that only two systems tracked the total number of passengers affected, and only one system calculated total passenger delay. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... Annotated Bibliography B-9 Kroes, E., P Koster, and S Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... B-10 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair respect to delay are derived. They are surprisingly low, especially for the London and Southwest England region, where commuting dominates, auto ownership is low, and many users are captive to rail. Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... Annotated Bibliography B-11 network flow model for public transportation networks. A main goal of this study was to include unreliability without changing the modeling software requirements from what is currently used. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... B-12 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair Predicting Ridership Chakrabarti, S "The Demand for Reliable Transit Service: New Evidence Using StopLevel Data from the Los Angeles Metro Bus System." Journal of Transport Geography, 48, 2015, pp. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... Annotated Bibliography B-13 since they are not directly related to SGR maintenance funding. The authors investigate several funding scenarios, resulting travel time impacts, and regional benefits of SGR funding for 25 transit systems in the San Francisco Bay Area. Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... B-14 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair United States Government Accountability Office. Transit Asset Management: Additional Research on Capital Investment Effects Could Help Transit Agencies Optimize Funding. Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... Annotated Bibliography B-15 expenditures. Furthermore, a new methodology -- "ridership-adjusted population" -- is outlined for conducting service equity analysis where rider's home location/origin data is available. Read the entire page →
From page 108... ... B-16 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair Litman, T Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs: Best Practices Guidebook. Read the entire page →
From page 109... ... Annotated Bibliography B-17 • Expected life-cycle cost of the equipment, based on the operations and maintenance plan. Results from the MBTA Orange Line study showed that, while increased operator costs associated with increased frequency are significant, the benefits associated with reduced failures (due to increased maintenance activity/reduced fleet requirements) Read the entire page →
From page 110... ... B-18 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair United States carries a backlog of $86 billion in unfunded transit capital investment needs. In 2010, approximately 15 percent of transit revenue miles were on vehicles with an SGR of "fair" or "poor." Based on report findings, assuming current funding levels, • 16.2 percent of transit bus VMT in 2010 occurred in suboptimal conditions; this is expected to increase to 30 percent in 2040; • 16 percent of demand-response bus VMT in 2010 were on deficient vehicles; this is expected to increase to 68 percent in 2040; • 7 percent of light rail VMT in 2010 were on deficient vehicles; this is expected to increase to 22 percent in 2040; and • 11.2 percent of other rail vehicles in 2010 were deficient; this is expected to increase to 15.8 percent in 2040. Read the entire page →
From page 111... ... Annotated Bibliography B-19 Expansion scenario, on the other hand, yielded $1.8 and $1.5 in benefits for every dollar invested, at 4 percent and 10 percent discount rates, respectively. Forkenbrock, D., and G Read the entire page →
From page 112... ... B-20 Guidance for Calculating the Return on Investment in Transit State of Good Repair Transportation Authority's (RTA's) Strategic Plan, "Moving Beyond Congestion." The analysis used conservative assumptions to model the changes in the region's travel patterns and calculate the cost of time delays, accidents, air pollution from congestion, and direct cost to drivers. Read the entire page →
From page 113... ... Annotated Bibliography B-21 The approach to evaluation is based on consumer surplus methodology "to monetise the transport service user benefits of changes in price as well as non-price impacts (such as public transport journey time, reliability, frequency and comfort) Read the entire page →

From page 93...

... B-1 A P P E N D I X B Annotated Bibliography Models of State of Good Repair Investment Spy Pond Partners, LLC; KKO & Associates, LLC; Harry Cohen; and Joseph Barr. TCRP Report 157: State of Good Repair: Prioritizing the Rehabilitation and Replacement of Existing Capital Assets and Evaluating the Implications for Transit.