Advanced Technologies for Gas Turbines (2020) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Aggressive Goals for Gas Turbine Development
2 Aggressive Goals for Gas Turbine Development
Pages 26-38
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 26... ...
Although the plant efficiency of a gas turbine operating in simple cycle is less than a gas turbine operating in combined cycle, a gas turbine operating in simple cycle has far greater operational flexibility in terms of its ability to accommodate swings in power while operating under partial load. 1 Each application area has a different number of goals: power generation has five, aviation has one, and oil and gas has three.
|
From page 27... ...
Solutions may require new materials, which have historically required longer development timelines. Power Generation Goal 2: Compatibility with Renewable Energy Sources Goal Summary Statement: Reduce turbine start-up times and improve the ability of gas turbines operating in simple and combined cycles to operate at high efficiency while accommodating flexible power demands and other requirements associated with integrating power generation turbines with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems.
|
From page 28... ...
New combustion paradigms are required to enable acceptable NOx, while still maintaining adequate turndown. Power Generation Goal 4: Fuel Flexibility Goal Summary Statement: Enable gas turbines for power generation to operate with natural gas fuel mixtures with high proportions (up to 100 percent)
|
From page 29... ...
The ever-changing power generation landscape makes it increasingly difficult to predict gas turbine research with the highest potential paybacks. For example, large and unforeseen reductions in the cost of renewable energy could potentially mitigate or reverse long-term projected growth in the demand for gas turbines for power generation.
|
From page 30... ...
Some of the advanced technologies that improve the thermal efficiency of gas turbines for power generation and oil and gas applications will also improve efficiency of gas turbines for aircraft. Today's best-in-class commercial turbofans achieve 30 to 40 percent overall efficiency.
|
From page 31... ...
An alternative path to higher thermal efficiency is to reduce the turbine cooling air levels for the same turbine inlet temperature. Reducing the magnitude of the turbine cooling air flow will reduce the turbulent mixing between the coolant and the main gas path flow, which improves turbine efficiency.
|
From page 32... ...
, 2019, "Fuel Fact Sheet," June, Montreal, Canada. 17 Although the discussion of this goal is framed in terms of improvements to gas turbines for commercial aircraft, accomplishing this goal would inevitably lead to reduced fuel burn by military aircraft.
|
From page 33... ...
As a result, this approach would increase the technical risk of this goal to high.19 OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY Gas turbines for oil and gas applications are of many different types and sizes, typically producing power in the range of 1 to 40 MW. They are used to power natural gas pipeline compressors, gas lift and reinjection compressors, process plant compressors, water and crude oil pumps, and various power generation applications.
|
From page 34... ...
For example, the characteristics of hydrogen combustion are very different than with natural gas.20 Achieving this goal would improve fuel flexibility by allowing current and future gas turbine installations in pipeline applications to operate on various mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen. It would also reduce environmental impact by reducing the use of carbon-based fuels.
|
From page 35... ...
To better equip natural gas pipelines to support the integration of renewable energy sources, gas turbines for pipeline compressor stations may need to start, stop, and operate under partial load more frequently in the future.21 Keeping natural gas compressors under pressure while they are shut down avoids releasing natural gas to the 21 Despite the increasing number of starts and stops, rapid start times are not and will not become an important performance parameter. Natural gas pipelines themselves represent a significant energy storage medium that mitigates sudden changes in the demand for natural gas.
|
From page 36... ...
In addition to improving gas turbine efficiency under partial load, achieving this goal would reduce life-cycle cost by reducing fuel consumption and by improving the ability of gas turbines to serve applications where it would otherwise be required to use compressors driven by electric motors, which have relatively large capital costs if there are no nearby electric power lines. Improvements necessary to meet this goal may also reduce maintenance costs.
|
From page 37... ...
Reduce turbine start-up times and improve the ability of gas turbines operating in simple and combined cycles to operate at high efficiency while accommodating flexible power demands and other requirements associated with integrating power generation turbines with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems.
|
From page 38... ...
Design gas turbines for pipeline compressor stations (and other oil and gas applications) that can handle large load swings and operate at partial load with efficiency that exceeds the efficiency of stations that use compressors driven by electric motors.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.