The National Academies Press

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From page 20... ... 20 The previous chapters of the Research Roadmap articulate a diverse set of research gaps and identified needs, which could easily fill the next decade's worth of research funding. The following research problem statements provide an expanded commentary on six priority research areas. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... Research Problem Statements 21 Problem Statement #1: Synthesis of Best Practices for Including Health Outcomes in Transportation Project Prioritization I PROBLEM NUMBER To be assigned by NCHRP staff. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 22 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health document research needs relative to this research problem statement. This included peer-reviewed research articles, grey literature prepared by agencies, and TRB research needs statements. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... Research Problem Statements 23 While the research problem statement describes initial efforts to identify MPOs and state DOTs that include health in project evaluation criteria, the objectives of the research will also address the following questions: • Have additional MPOs and state DOTs adopted policies or procedures to consider health in the transportation planning process? • What are the Planning and Environmental Linkages considered during project prioritization? Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 24 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health MPO, as described in the Volpe Center report, modified its project prioritization process to give greater weight to projects that contributed to better health outcomes. As a result, the region increased its sidewalk mileage by 57 percent, bikeway mileage by 19 percent, and greenway mileage by 36 percent between 2009 and 2014. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Research Problem Statements 25 Quality performance measures, and research/evidence to guide implementation, are also important for planning efforts -- such as Strategic Highway Safety Plans, Vision Zero, or related safety initiatives -- that have clear connections to health and offer important opportunities to bring new partners and data to the table. While there are several health-related data sources, guides, and resources available for states, MPOs, and local agencies, there is a lack of guidance for addressing health as part of project development, implementation, and most specifically a project's environmental document. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health provides guidance on standardizing the application of performance measures to help communities select, develop, or use the measures that best suit their context. Specific literature or research that supports these findings include the following: • McLeod, Ken, and Sean Herpolsheimer. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Research Problem Statements 27 4. Develop data and methods for assessing short- and long-term health impacts and the associated economic evaluation to emphasize the return on investment. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health III. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT NCHRP Project 20-112 built upon the body of literature, strategic agendas, and research needs connecting health to transportation to provide a list of gaps and needs to support decision-making in funding research over the next ten years that can lead to greater consideration of health issues in transportation contexts. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Research Problem Statements 29 Data Linkage to Assess Underreporting of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Injury in Police Crash Data" (Doggett et al., 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 30 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health 2. Validation/critical examination of practice: a. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Research Problem Statements 31 VIII. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 32 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health IV. LITERATURE SEARCH SUMMARY There is growing evidence about the importance of public transportation for individual and community health. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Research Problem Statements 33 V RESEARCH OBJECTIVE This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the health impacts of transit decisions and to develop a conceptual framework that will enhance the ability of transit agencies to consider health outcomes in transit planning and decision-making. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health Problem Statement #5: Effect of Demographic Change on Travel Behavior and Health I PROBLEM NUMBER To be assigned by NCHRP staff. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Research Problem Statements 35 documented that older adult drivers (and pedestrians) are more cautious and less likely to be involved in crashes, older adults account for a growing percentage of the fatal vehicle–vehicle and vehicle–pedestrian crashes. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health lead to improved health outcomes and reduce fatalities. Rural communities are in need of more explicit focus on their unique and changing transportation needs. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... Research Problem Statements 37 pedestrians and bicyclists, and historically underserved populations -- in order to develop adjustments or recommendations for improvements that would further support transportation planning and operations to improve equity, opportunities for active travel, and safety. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health VII. URGENCY, PAYOFF POTENTIAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION Cell phone data is becoming more widespread, robust, and available for research and analysis, and it has become more common for transportation agencies to purchase data from communication companies and data-processing companies to describe real-time travel patterns. Read the entire page →

From page 20...

... 20 The previous chapters of the Research Roadmap articulate a diverse set of research gaps and identified needs, which could easily fill the next decade's worth of research funding. The following research problem statements provide an expanded commentary on six priority research areas.