Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts (2019) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 13-32
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 13... ...
13 U.S. freight transportation is a multimodal system that offers a range of competitive and complementary services.
|
From page 14... ...
14 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts 0–250 250–500 500–1000 1000–2000 >2000 Retail Goods/Light Truck Truck Truck Rail Intermodal Truck Rail Intermodal Truck Rail Intermodal Consumer Durables and Other Manufactured Goods/Moderate Truck Rail Truck Rail Rail Intermodal Truck Rail Rail Intermodal Truck Rail Rail Intermodal Truck Rail Rail Intermodal Bulk Goods/Heavy Truck Rail Water Rail Water Truck Rail Water Rail Water Rail Water W ei gh t Intercity Distance in Miles Source: (U.S.
|
From page 15... ...
Historical Patterns in Freight Mode Share 15 The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of current mode shares and the factors that determine those shares. The first section examines mode shares and shifts from a historical perspective.
|
From page 16... ...
16 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts Current Mode Shares This section examines the current distribution of freight traffic by mode, examining the roles that each mode plays in the freight system, and how those roles have evolved in recent years. The first subsection discusses data sources, the analysis and uses of the data sources, and their limitations.
|
From page 17... ...
Historical Patterns in Freight Mode Share 17 Mode Shares in Tons As described in the introduction to this report, modal shares vary considerably depending on the metric (tons, ton-miles, value) that is the focus of the analysis.
|
From page 18... ...
18 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts Source: (FHWA 2014a) Truck Rail Water Air (includes truck-air)
|
From page 19... ...
Historical Patterns in Freight Mode Share 19 share of ton-miles by over 5 percent, but FAF forecasts that share to slip in the future. Pipelines have been losing share, and FAF projects that trend to continue.
|
From page 20... ...
20 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts but rail and pipeline are replaced as the next tier of modes by air and multiple mode (intermodal) shipments.
|
From page 21... ...
Historical Patterns in Freight Mode Share 21 Rail consumes less energy per ton-miles of transportation and utilizes 90 percent and 80 percent less energy than truck and ships, respectively (in terms of British thermal unit)
|
From page 22... ...
22 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts and a decrease by 2 percent from 1997 to 2002. The rail mode share decreased by 8 percent between 1993 and 1997, and increased by 10 percent between 1997 and 2002.
|
From page 23... ...
Historical Patterns in Freight Mode Share 23 A comparison of the data in Figures 9 and 10 shows that truck mode share by weight increased by 7 percent, while truck mode share by ton-miles increased by about 25 percent; in other words, the mode share by ton-miles increased more than the mode share by weight. This indicates that more miles were traveled by truck in 2002 than were traveled in 1993, with less increase in the weight carried.
|
From page 24... ...
24 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts The impact of the recession and fuel prices can also be observed in the total VMT in the United States. Figure 11 shows the total VMT from 1970 to 2012.
|
From page 25... ...
Historical Patterns in Freight Mode Share 25 Data source: (Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2014a) 19 70 19 72 19 74 19 76 19 78 19 80 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% Pe rc en ta ge s ha re o f to ta l V M T Year Motorcycles Cars Two-axle, four-tire trucks Single-unit trucks Figure 12.
|
From page 26... ...
26 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts to 2012 the total emissions showed a huge decline. This could be due to improvements in fuels and vehicle technologies, as well as to the economic recession in 2008 followed by a steep rise in fuel prices (Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2014b)
|
From page 27... ...
Historical Patterns in Freight Mode Share 27 Figure 16 shows the contribution of each mode, including passenger transport, to the overall GHG emissions by transportation sector in 2003. Table 5 (2002)
|
From page 28... ...
28 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts Figure 18 shows the total energy consumed by various sectors from 1970 to 2012 in trillion British Thermal Units (BTUs)
|
From page 29... ...
Data Source: (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2014)
|
From page 30... ...
30 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts Laboratory 2014b)
|
From page 31... ...
Historical Patterns in Freight Mode Share 31 accounted for 78 percent of the total energy use by heavy trucks. According to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (2014b)
|
From page 32... ...
32 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts nearly 2 percent of total petroleum consumption (Figure 22)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.