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From page 24... ... 24 A-1 Accelerated Construction What Is It? Accelerated construction involves a broad range of technologies (e.g., information technology, automation, and materials) Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 25 Category Examples Information technology Application of ITS: Freeway Management systems and work-zone traffic control Exploit web-based team collaboration and project management system: Common e-rooms and web-based central project databases Automation equipment/ construction Maturity testing Application of 3D machine automation on asphalt pavers technology Automated reflective pavement marker placing systems Robotic excavation and pipe-laying systems; computer-integrated road compactor systems Automated vibratory compaction using onboard compaction meters; compaction using automatic vibration control systems Innovative planning Programmatic (corridor) approach to planning, design, and construction Critical-path–method analysis reduction; standardization of design components Study optimal approaches to crew shifts and scheduling Tools and best practices for implementing multiple work shifts or night work Shorten construction time by full closure instead of partial closure of roadway Employ methods for continuous work zones Innovative contracting Design–build with bridging/turnkey/warranty/maintain/privatization approaches Formal partnering with design consultants, contractors, local authorities, and regulatory agencies A + B + C bidding with quality/life-cycle/safety/past performance; incentivize contractor work progress with a lane-rental approach Relocation of utilities Frequent coordination, cooperation, and communication between all parties to expedite utility relocation work Establish utility corridors and systematically locate facilities Avoid the need to relocate many utility lines by obtaining, early in the design phase, information using subsurface utility engineering Innovative materials Pavement type selection: using quick-curing concrete and in-place recycling Use geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported earth platforms for embankments, retaining walls, and storage tanks constructed on soft soils Public involvement Public input on phasing of construction Improve customer relationships and explore innovative agreement arrangements Communicate with the public before and during construction Work-zone traffic control Generate and evaluate multiple traffic-control plans Develop traffic control plans through partnering between department of transportation (DOT) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources Blanchard, B A., Bohuslav, T Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 27 How to Use It Contractors must be qualified for one or more highway operations and maintenance–related types of work specified by the STA. Qualified contractors will bid on projects. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects product. Warranties are typically assigned to the prime contractor but may be passed down to the paving contractors as pass-thru warranties. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 29 Additional Resources Federal Highway Administration. Background for Pavement Warranties. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 30 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources SHRP 2 Project R07, "Performance Specifications for Rapid Renewal." Performance-Based Specifications Promote Innovation and Accelerate Project Delivery (Informational brochure) Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 31 of all construction documentation in a secure, paperless environment. The process enables distribution and access to all project stakeholders through mobile devices" (FHWA 2017) Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 32 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources FHWA. Contract Administration – Change Orders. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 33 Additional Resources Caltrans Division of Research. Project Delivery Document Management Systems. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects • Cost effective. Michigan DOT saved an estimated $2.2 million annually, eliminating the costs of long-term storage of paper documents (Michigan DOT n.d.) Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 35 A-3-4 Electronic RFIs What Is It? A request for information (RFI) Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources FHWA. Addressing Challenges and Return on Investment (ROI) Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 37 Additional Resources Hannon, J Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects How to Use It Since GISs have many applications, ranging from ITSs (traffic monitoring) to ensuring that drainage systems are in accordance to specifications, there are many different types of GIS software that can accommodate the specific needs of a project. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 39 constructability. 3D engineered models can also be expanded to 4D and 5D with the incorporation of project schedule/time and cost data. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects training, and equipment (surveying equipment) available to realize the benefits of these models. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 41 O'Brien, W Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects When to Use It The use of AMG is not universally applicable. The California Department of Transportation (n.d.) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 43 Additional Resources AASHTO. AASHTO Innovation Initiative. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 44 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects incorporating changes. Transcribing the project design model allows sophisticated software the ability to automatically calculate quantities and presents users with the means to review potential issues not easily found in 2D plans. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 45 E-5/I-5 Ground-Penetrating Radar What Is It? The use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources Daniels, D Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 47 How to Use It GNSS is often integrated with other technologies and techniques whenever georeferenced positioning is essential. When to Use It Table E-6-1 summarizes how GNSS can be used to alleviate staffing shortages for various work and project types. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Why Use It? Compared to conventional surveying, using LiDAR is a time-efficient way to collect the geometric data of a highway construction site with comparable accuracy. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 49 Additional Resources Federal Highway Administration. Effective Use of Geospatial Tools in Highway Construction, 2017. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources Hinze, J Construction Planning and Scheduling. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 51 and the efficiencies accumulated through the automatic location of the prism can realize increases in productivity of 500% to 600%. What Does It Do Total stations in general are an optical electronic instrument with onboard electronic distance measurement. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources Crumal, Z What Is a Robotic Total Station? Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 53 Why Use It? A state agency might consider using a project ITP inclusive of milestone inspections, witness points, and hold points, or some combination thereof, if inspection resources and staff are limited such that full-time inspection is not possible. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources General Resources Mades, N What Is Witness Point & Hold Point. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 55 Why Use It? Maturity methods are used in lieu of testing field-cured cylinders since they are a more reliable indicator of the in-place strength of concrete during construction. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, CIP-39 Maturity Methods to Estimate Concrete Strength. https://www.nrmca.org/aboutconcrete/cips/39p.pdf. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 57 Project Types Road – New Construction/ Expansion Road – Rehabilitation/ Resurfacing Bridge – New/ Replacement Bridge Rehabilitation Other Projects Pavement surface ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Superstructure ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Excavation /embankment ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Pipe/drainage ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Roadway base ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Pavement base ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Substructure ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Temporary traffic control ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Structural foundation ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Strips/signs/signals ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Roadside ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Utilities (in contract relocations) ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Roadway lighting ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ITS ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Notes: ✓✓ Directly applicable (There has been documented application for this strategy specifically for this work type.) Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 58 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects I-7 Infrared Temp. Systems (Pave-IR) Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 59 Additional Resources Sebesta, S., Liu, W., and Scullion, T PAVE-IR Operator's Manual Version 1.3. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 60 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects • Reduced compaction and maintenance requirements. The flexibility to make fewer passes to achieve the correct compaction level minimizes fuel use and equipment wear and tear. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 61 Additional Resources Chang, G., Xu, Q., Rutledge, J., Horan, B., Michael, L., White, D., and Vennapusa, P Accelerated Implementation of Intelligent Compaction Technology for Embankment Subgrade Soils, Aggregated Base, and Asphalt Pavement Materials. Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... 62 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects What Does It Do? QC/QA/IA is intended to transfer more of the testing responsibility from the STA to the contractor. Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 63 Project Types Road – New Construction/ Expansion Road – Rehabilitation/ Resurfacing Bridge – New/ Replacement Bridge Rehabilitation Other Projects Pavement surface ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Superstructure ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Excavation /embankment ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pipe/drainage ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Roadway base ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pavement base ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Substructure ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Temporary traffic control X X X X X Structural foundation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Strips/signs/signals X X X X X Roadside ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Utilities (in contract relocations) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Roadway lighting X X X X X ITS X X X X X Notes: ✓✓ Directly applicable (There has been documented application for this strategy specifically for this work type.) Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... 64 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources Autodesk Fusion Connect. Machine 2 Machine: How Smart Apps Monitor Construction Site and Equipment for Better Project Margins. Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 65 Additional Resources Vittorio, Astarita, Vaiana Rosolino, Iuele Teresa, Caruso Maria Vittoria, and P Giofrè Vincenzo. Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 66 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects personnel may use to monitor jobs remotely. Cameras are connected to a subscriber unit that uplinks the IP video to its corresponding access point located at the on-site offices. Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 67 Why Use It? State DOTs are facing the challenge of an ever-growing gap between the demand for inspection and available resources. Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 68 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources Oechler, Erick F Quality Assurance Risk-Based Optimization for Departments of Transportation. Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 69 Project Types Road – New Construction/ Expansion Road – Rehabilitation/ Resurfacing Bridge – New/ Replacement Bridge Rehabilitation Other Projects Pavement surface ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Superstructure ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Excavation /embankment ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pipe/drainage ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Roadway base ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pavement base ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Substructure ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Temporary traffic control ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Structural foundation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Strips/signs/signals ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Roadside ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Utilities (in contract relocations) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Roadway lighting ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ITS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Notes: ✓✓ Directly applicable (There has been documented application for this strategy specifically for this work type.) Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 70 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources AASHTO. AASHTO Transportation TV Special Report. Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 71 Job Function Category Sample CEI Tasks Construction Administration Liaison Ensure all project parties stay informed of project status Work with all necessary parties to meet contract and project requirements Provide timely answers and resolutions Budget Monitor, recommend, and manage budget Meetings Set, attend, assist, or conduct preconstruction conference and other meetings Record prep/ maintenance Maintain records and prepare required reports of contractor activities Maintain accurate record of communication between parties Change orders Review, estimate, prepare, and manage change orders Work orders Prepare and review work orders Documentation Manage contractor RFIs Track and update changes to construction documents Review and track approval of plans, shop drawings, and product information Prepare project and closeout documentation Analyze and interpret contract documents Prepare and distribute correspondence Review and submit contractor construction plan Application for payment Review and submit contractor applications for payments Field measure quantities for payment purposes Submit final as-built plans Revise and submit final estimate Authorize monthly payments to contractor Postconstruction support Monitor and document claims Prepare claim analysis support documentation Assist with, analyze, or settle claims Prepare and process closeout claim documentation Assist with preparation of arbitration hearings or litigation Engineering Survey control Survey preparation, control, and verification Assist in survey work Supply survey crew or licensed surveyor Utilities Coordinate utility work or relocation Monitor, inspect, and document work or relocation Schedule Verify conformance with contract documents Monitor and review or coordinate schedule Review accuracy of schedule logic Table R-1-1. STA's use of CEI functions and tasks. Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... 72 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects that the least outsourced service was human relations. The North Carolina and Utah DOTs mentioned that although they do not outsource human relations, they do outsource public relations on occasion. Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 73 Project Types Road – New Construction/ Expansion Road – Rehabilitation/ Resurfacing Bridge – New/ Replacement Bridge Rehabilitation Other Projects Pavement surface ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Superstructure ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Excavation /embankment ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Pipe/drainage ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Roadway base ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Pavement base ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Substructure ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Temporary traffic control ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Structural foundation ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Strips/signs/signals ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Roadside ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Utilities (in contract relocations) ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Roadway lighting ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ITS ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Notes: ✓✓ Directly applicable (There has been documented application for this strategy specifically for this work type.) Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... 74 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects What Does It Do? Educational/community outreach allows STAs and their employees the opportunity to volunteer in educational and community outreach events. Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 75 Project Types Road – New Construction/ Expansion Road – Rehabilitation / Resurfacing Bridge – New/ Replacement Bridge Rehabilitation Other Projects Pavement surface ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Superstructure ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Excavation /embankment ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pipe/drainage ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Roadway base ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pavement base ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Substructure ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Temporary traffic control ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Structural foundation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Strips/signs/signals ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Roadside ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Utilities (in contract relocations) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Roadway lighting ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ITS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Notes: ✓✓ Directly applicable (There has been documented application for this strategy specifically for this work type.) Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... 76 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects What Does It Do? Shift work and overtime adjust the amount and timing of the application of FTE staff to projects. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... Construction Staffing Strategies 77 Additional Resources Sanquist, T., Jackson, J E., Campbell, J Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... 78 Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects Additional Resources Construction Industry Institute. Improving the U.S. Read the entire page →

From page 24...

... 24 A-1 Accelerated Construction What Is It? Accelerated construction involves a broad range of technologies (e.g., information technology, automation, and materials)