Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities (2020) / Chapter Skim
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146 11.1 Accessibility Design Versus Universal Design The ADA is a civil rights law and not merely a building code.
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Architecture and Design 147 According to the Whole Building Design Guide, accessibility laws such as the Architectural Barriers Act (1968) , Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Fair Housing Act amendments (1988)
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148 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities • Seats with and without armrests; and • Installing standard electrical receptacles higher above the floor than usual so they are in easy reach of everyone. Principle 2.
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Architecture and Design 149 Application examples • Scanning boarding pass on gate podium; • Fold-down footstool for restroom sink (Figure 11-3) ; • Multilevel sinks, drinking fountains, and counters (Figure 11-4)
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150 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities Guidelines 3a. Eliminate unnecessary complexity.
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Architecture and Design 151 4e. Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations.
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152 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities Principle 5. Tolerance for Error The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
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Architecture and Design 153 • Pushing luggage cart or wheelchair, • Resting places throughout the site, and • Low bag wells and flat baggage carousels (Figure 11-10)
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154 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities Application examples • Navigation to, from, and throughout the airport; • Visibility of primary nodes, such as baggage drop off, Security checkpoints, gates, and restrooms; and within the nodes, such as hold room podiums, monitors, and boarding access; and • Operation of doors, elevators, and emergency devices. In 2012, the Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access at the University at Buffalo in New York expanded the definition of universal design principles to include social participation and health and wellness.
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Architecture and Design 155 following examples of Design for All were presented in the book Designs for All, published in 2008: • Audiobook, • Automatic door, • Google, • Low-floor bus, • Tactile paving, • Velcro, and • Wireless remote-controlled power sockets. 11.1.3 Examples of Universal Design in the U.S.
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156 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities – Low-resistance door closers and lever handles, – Screen walls in lieu of doors to washrooms, – Emergency buttons in accessible washrooms, – Low writing shelves and toe clearances at all check-in counters, – Dedicated passenger percent and pick-up zones, and – Accessible recomposure bench in Customs search areas. • Visual assistance – Dynamic, high-definition, and high-contrast signage that automatically rotates between several languages; – Braille and tactile lettering on all service rooms; – Audible floor callers in elevators; and – Audible readers via phone handset at all flight-information and baggage-information displays.
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Architecture and Design 157 advantage to building new is that everything will be -- at minimum -- up to current standards. And, if the budget allows, a new build will incorporate the latest technologies and practices.
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158 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities • TSA Cares and TSA Notification Card programs; • More elevators, ramps, and sloped floors as alternatives to escalators; and • Audible caution alerts at escalators and moving walkways. Amenities • Wider toilet stalls; • Volunteer help stations; • Greater provision of family toilets, which are often used by older adults; • Concession contracts requiring the same accessibility standards as public spaces; and • Availability of porters in baggage claim and other necessary areas.
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Architecture and Design 159 ACRP Synthesis 51: Impacts of Aging Travelers on Airports provides the perspective from the aging traveler -- a significant portion of the affected group -- and describes the stresses of air travel, beginning with the journey from home or office to the airport and terminal entrance. ACRP Synthesis 51 highlights the following: To the Airport Buses and trains have improved greatly in accommodating riders with accessibility needs.
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160 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities the percentage of older adults continues to rise. Design Guidelines for the Visual Environment notes that: Visual cues in the architecture and interior design of a space aid us in our interactions with our surroundings.
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Architecture and Design 161 Nearly every space requires consideration for the safety of those with low vision. All or some of the following aspects need to be included in the design of the spaces, and some -- such as lighting -- will have differing and specific requirements: • Layout, • Surface finishes, • Furniture, • Lighting, • Fenestration, and • Wayfinding aids.
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162 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities Installing flooring -- such as carpet -- that differs in texture and color in gate areas from that used in concourse walkways -- such as a hard surface like terrazzo -- and extending that hard flooring to the podium and boarding door also helps individuals with vision loss to navigate more independently. In Accessibility Requirements for People with Low Vision, the W3C writes, "contrast sensitivity is the ability to distinguish bright and dim areas of images, for example, to discern text on a background.
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Architecture and Design 163 located near windows -- increasingly the case as these facilities are integrated into gate areas -- see higher returns because patrons are more comfortable in these areas no matter the time of day (Kart 2018)
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164 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities 11.3.3 Designing for Autism New design standards based on the principles of universal design have been developed to improve the experiences of individuals with autism. In the U.S., Ohio State University's College of Engineering City and Regional Planning Program developed Autism Planning and Design Guidelines 1.0, available online by searching "Autism Knowlton." These guidelines are based on the Six Feelings Framework (Figure 11-15)
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Architecture and Design 165 11.4 New Accessible Amenities As discussed in Chapter 6, the fastest-growing amenities at U.S. airports include nursing mothers' rooms and pods, post-Security pet relief facilities, children's play areas, adult changing and washroom facilities, and airfield observation areas (Airports Council International North America 2017)
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166 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities During the design stage for its sensory room, the Pittsburgh International Airport reached out to the community for input on design concepts that are important to fostering a calming environment. The following feedback was considered in its design: • Located in a transition space, not far from the concourse and gate area; • Options for spaces that serve children and adults; • Variety of comfortable seating; • Soundproof; • Neutral smell and neutral and/or cool colors; • Adjustable lighting; • Calming activities and equipment, such as fidget boards, tactile objects, and bubble machines; • No toxic cleaners; • Visual connection to flight information; • Outlets to charge devices; • Ability to see into room before entering; • Sensory-friendly bathroom without automated hand dryers, paper towel dispensers, flushing toilets, or faucets (as these automated features are too noisy for individuals with sensoryprocessing issues)
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Architecture and Design 167 aquatic bubble tube, an undulated wavy wall, color-changing LED lights, a wheel projector, and other activities (Quinones-Fontanez 2017)
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168 Innovative Solutions to Facilitate Accessibility for Airport Travelers with Disabilities The padded flooring can be removed to accommodate individuals using wheelchairs or other mobility devices. The sensory room is used by one family or traveler at a time and is reserved through the airport.
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Architecture and Design 169 • Location: The SARA must be located in the publicly accessible sterile area of each airport terminal (restrictions apply) , must be wheelchair accessible, and should be conveniently accessible to concentrations of passengers.
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