An Examination of Emerging Bioethical Issues in Biomedical Research Proceedings of a Workshop (2020) / Chapter Skim
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5 Bioethics Research Workforce
5 Bioethics Research Workforce
Pages 63-78
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From page 63... ...
• Bioethics training programs tend to have a topical emphasis (e.g., genomics, neuroethics, palliative care) , which results in a lack of opportunities in other areas.
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BIOETHICS TRAINING: A U.S. NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Wilfond provided a national view of bioethics training from his perspective as the past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors (ABPD)
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• Mid-career faculty: Opportunities for mid-career research faculty include The Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program.2 A unique and valuable aspect of this program, which has trained 56 scholars since 2003, is that all current and former scholars gather twice each year for ongoing training in support of bioethics scholar hip, Wilfond said. s Challenges Wilfond listed several challenges for bioethics training.
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Incorporating Bioethics Training into Multidisciplinary Studies In closing, Wilfond said that one opportunity for improving training in bioethics is to take advantage of existing studies. He mentioned one ongoing multidisciplinary study as an example and said that five individuals were able to fund bioethics training through individual awards and supplements (two NIH K Awards that built off the main study, a sexual minority supplement, a diversity supplement, and an administrative supplement)
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FIGURE 5-1 A model for developing bioethics research objectives. SOURCES: Benjamin Wilfond workshop presentation, February 26, 2020.
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To illustrate, she said if one were to look at articles published in the last 5 or 10 issues of the journal Developing World Bioethics, one would find that far fewer articles come from Latin America and the Caribbean than from Africa or Asia, for example. Advancing Bioethics Training to the Next Level Bioethics training can be divided into three levels, Saenz said.
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The second barrier, she said, is that "it is very hard to teach new tricks to old dogs." A priority in establishing the bioethics training enterprise was to institutionalize bioethics, Saenz said, but targeting training efforts to mid-career researchers has not led to institutional change. For example, she said, an anesthesiologist who attends a weekly bioethics class will continue being an anesthesiologist and is unlikely to embark on the project of producing knowledge on bioethics.
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To date there have been approximately 1,500 Meyerhoff participants. Of the more than 1,100 graduates thus far, 91 percent obtained a degree in a STEM field, and 930 graduates have pursued graduate or professional degrees (312 Ph.D.s awarded, 82 percent to minorities; 59 M.D.–Ph.D.s awarded, 90 percent to minorities; 265 STEM master's degrees awarded, 86 percent to minorities; with 258 students currently enrolled in graduate schools, 81 percent of which are minorities)
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The Meyerhoff Scholars Program, with support from HHMI, partnered with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and The Pennsylvania State University to replicate the program on their campuses. Summers noted that these schools have very different environments and minority compositions, and yet, he said, after 1 year their programs were outperforming the Meyerhoff program, and after 2 years each had raised substantial funding for their endowments (Sto Domingo et al., 2019)
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Merritt asked about metrics used by the Meyerhoff Scholars Program and about the tracking of students who obtain leadership positions. ummers said that the program is competitive and specifically selects stuS dents based on their stated interest in research and demonstrated leadership potential.
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. There are more poor white children in the United States than poor black children, and specific attention is still needed on the issues faced by minority students, Summers said.
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He suggested that to enhance interest among junior researchers, NIH and the National Science Foundation should provide leadership and resources that demonstrate that bio ethics is going to be a major area of focus over the next two decades and that funding will be available to early-career investigators. Filling the Pipeline Piecing together funding for bioethics training is a concern, Kahn said, but a greater concern is having a pipeline of incoming students to fund.
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Normally the Meyerhoff Scholars Program at UMBC makes 25 offers of admission because there is funding for 18 students. The program at Penn State made 25 offers and had 23 students accepted, he said, and this trend continues.
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There is a distinction between an integrated model and an embedded model, Wilfond said. In an integrated model, such as the CHARM study, bioethics is integrated throughout the 4 he T Fogarty International Center and NHGRI are part of a bioethics funding opportunity aimed at graduate students, International Bioethics Research Training Program (D43 Clinical Trial Optional)
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A problem with bioethics training in Latin America, Saenz said, is that it is very focused on memorizing, and there is limited attention to deeper ethical analysis. While embedding ethics training into real-life situations provides opportunities for ethics analysis, it does not solve the problem of taking that final step to develop higher-level bioethics expertise.
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He said he often uses a strategy of proposing complementary projects that have both an empirical aim and a normative aim because review groups often have a more difficult time reviewing proposals for conceptual work. ABPD has been involved in communicating to bioethicists that NIH wants to support them and has facilitated NIH giving presentations at bioethics meetings to promote the image of the agency as approachable, Wilfond said.
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