The Inclusion of Women in STEM in Kuwait and the United States Proceedings of a Workshop (2020) / Chapter Skim
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4 Curricula Structure and How It Affects the Attrition of Women in STEM in the United States, Kuwait, and the Arab World
4 Curricula Structure and How It Affects the Attrition of Women in STEM in the United States, Kuwait, and the Arab World
Pages 39-52
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From page 39... ...
Some surprising patterns include stronger gender segregation in some STEM fields in North American and European countries than in poorer and reputedly more gender-traditional societies. The final session of formal workshop presentations, chaired by Hala AlEssa (Kuwait University)
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There has been a 21 percent increase in STEM female versus male students over the past 7 years and a corresponding slight increase in the percentage of females versus males graduating as STEM majors. The Ministry of Higher Education requires a diploma in either a science or humanities track and a grade point average minimum in its requirements for scholarships.
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MOTIVATING FACTORS FOR STUDENTS ENTERING IN STEM FIELD MAJORS IN KUWAIT Hessa Amin, deputy chief executive officer of FAWSEC Educational Company, continued the discussion by describing a recent survey she and colleagues conducted. They posed three research questions: (1)
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Analyzing the comments revealed that other motivating factors included personal interest and teacher instruction and/or encouragement. Parents can influence students in a positive way, such as a role model or through support and guidance, or through pressure to follow a STEM field.
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, Abrar Al-Alwadhi (Kuwait University) , Zaha AlSuwailan (Kuwait University)
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AlSuwailan performed a content analysis of the Arabic, Islamic Studies, English, and social studies textbooks to identify the different representations of gender in relation to STEM. She looked at authors, the characters portrayed, images, and the plot or narrating story about prominent figures in STEM fields.
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She added, "The idea of choice and ‘you can make it happen if you want to' means that only a select few get to have the opportunities." The role of individual choice versus structural barriers plays out in different cultures and contexts, participants agreed. ALIGNING SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT AND FUTURE EXPECTATIONS FOR STEM CAREERS: ROLE OF CURRICULAR STANDARDIZATION Claudia Buchmann, professor and chair of the department of sociology at Ohio State University, explained that 48 percent of students who begin 2 Delivered by women, led by men: A gender and equity analysis of the global health and social workforce.
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By all students taking these courses before they enter college, they gather valuable feedback about their performance in math and science relative to their peers. High science achievers may gain added confidence about pursuing a STEM major.
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To answer these questions, she looked at datasets from the National Education Longitudinal Studies (NELS) , Pathways Through College data collected by the Wisconsin Center for Education Research, and her own work on Chinese international students in the United States over the past 7 years.
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Close to 50 percent of Chinese international students choose STEM in the United States. Double majors are increasingly prevalent, and the Chinese students tend to be "spanners" with a STEM and non-STEM (such as humanities)
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CURRICULAR PATHWAYS FROM SCHOOL TO THE STEM LABOR FORCE IN THE UNITED STATES Chandra Muller, professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, reported on some findings from the High School and Beyond M idlife Survey. It began with 27,000 high school students in the early 1980s and followed up with them in 2014.
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Looking at the American Community Survey and the High School and Beyond Midlife Survey, men hold a 30 percent wage advantage over women. Choice of occupation can explain only some of the gap.
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Regarding implementation, a participant noted that the National Science Foundation ADVANCE Program promoted women's participation and queried how such a program could work in Kuwait. Science policy is thriving in the United States, she noted, and wondered about a larger role for scientists in policy in the Arab world.
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This could be useful for new female and male faculty, she suggested. Suggestions of themes for a future workshop include retention, the role of family, ideas about gender roles, and cultural beliefs.
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