Integrating the Science of Aging and Environmental Health Research Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Integrating the Science of Aging and Environmental Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Integrating the Science of Aging and Environmental Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Pages 1-14
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held a 1.5-day workshop to explore how environmental exposures influence or mediate aging and how aging influences environmentally mediated health outcomes. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group of experts who described the current state of knowledge in the field as well as ideas for next steps including research opportunities and needs, enabling technologies and analytical tools, and mechanisms to anticipate and use new data to inform environmental health decisions.
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They found that they could separate the ethnic groups by their exposomes and metabolomes, and the information on exposures for these ethnic groups may offer insights into the underlying causes of their differential vulnerabilities to Alzheimer's disease. Summing up, Miller said that "high resolution mass spectrometry has become the de facto machinery for exposome research, and works in biological and environmental matrices, not just plasma and tissue, but also in water and air samples… I think this provides a tool that facilitates this systematic, comprehensive, and unbiased approach to studying the environmental contributors to aging." Integrating the Science of Aging with Environmental Health Research Through the Perspective of Biomarkers Luigi Ferrucci of the National Institute on Aging discussed biomarkers in integrating the science of aging with environmental health research.
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One important tool in answering these questions, she said, is the current ongoing development of databases documenting the role of toxicants in aging and age related disease. EMERGING TRENDS AND TOOLS IN BIOLOGICAL AGING RESEARCH Session 1 of the workshop focused on emerging trends and tools in biological aging research: new findings about the molecular pathways of aging; use of single-cell analysis to study biological aging; defining molecular "ageotypes"; and leveraging ‘omics profiling to estimate biological age.
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Survival dynamics of yeast populations and quantification of single cell aging phenotypes are also revealed. By using these technologies, Acar and others have quantified gene specific expression levels, genetic noise levels, division times, and cell size differences in the same population and how aging impacts these important phenotypes in real time.
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Price's conclusion was that multi-omics can yield an estimate of biological age that integrates information from many systems in the body, and when used to estimate biological age serves as a metric for wellness and a step toward understanding resilience and good health. Panel Discussion 1 The Session 1 presentations on emerging trends and tools in biological aging research was followed by a panel discussion moderated by Donna L
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EXPLORING EMERGING AREAS OF INTEGRATION: EXPOSURES AND THE AGING PROCESS The second session surveyed advancing areas of research at the intersection of environmental health and biological gaining. Specifically, the speakers described new findings on the influence of environmental exposures, including air pollution and chemical and heavy metal exposures on aging and age-related health outcomes.
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A great deal of information was also gathered on the MESA participants, including genetic information, physical activity, individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and many physical measurements. Using CT scans, Kaufman found a strong association between the levels of PM2.5 and nitrogen oxides in an individual's environment and how quickly coronary artery calcium accumulated in the participants, which is highly predictive of future cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis.
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For older individuals, health impacts may be greater because those individuals from racial and ethnic minorities are less likely to be able to move out of disadvantaged neighborhoods that have greater exposure to environmental pollutants. Her final comment was that "to really address these racial and ethnic disparities in health requires an ecological approach that comprehensively addresses the exposome while increasing the attention to how exposures within the environment are distributed systematically across subgroups of the population." Integrating Environmental Exposure and Other Stressors – Maternal Stress, Particulate Matter Exposure, and Development Rosalind Wright of Mount Sinai is a pulmonary critical-care physician who deals with people at the end stages of life.
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Finally, she said, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches and the integration of human cell and animal models all offer opportunities for accelerating research in this area. Chemical Exposures At the beginning of the workshop's second day, Michelle Heacock from NIEHS spoke briefly to welcome the participants and to acknowledge the national conversation taking place at that time over racial injustice.
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In short, she said, it requires both exposure to the pesticide and genetic susceptibility to cause the increased risk of Parkinson's that has been observed. John Meeker of the University of Michigan discussed the influence of chemical exposures of human development.
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These genetic studies have provided evidence that shorter telomeres do indeed increase the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as Alzheimer's disease. A number of environmental exposures are also thought to affect telomere length, Pierce said.
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The Group agreed that one of the key issues around which to develop a research agenda is the degree to which the health disparities seen in aging are explained by environmental exposures. A second key area to explore is how environmental exposures influence biological aging, as reflected by such measures as epigenetics or telomere length.
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Final Panel Discussion Katherine James moderated a final panel discussion with Luigi Ferrucci, Joel Kaufman, John Vandenberg, Kristi Pullen Fedinick of the Natural Resources Defense Council, and Sandra Howard. James began the discussion with a question about how to use the current knowledge in the field and what next steps could address critical gaps in knowledge.
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The statements made are those of the rapporteurs or individual meeting participants and do not necessarily represent the views of all meeting participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ON INTEGRATING THE SCIENCE OF AGING AND ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH: This workshop was organized by the following experts: Murat Acar, Yale University; Jiu-Chiuan Chen, Keck School of Medicine; Katherine James, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus; Kristen Malecki, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Donna L
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