Standard Definitions for Common Types of Pavement Cracking (2020) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 76-128
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 76... ...
Appendix A Summary of Cracking Protocols A 1
|
From page 77... ...
Summary of Cracking Protocols PROCTOCOLS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL Pavement distress protocols were developed at the national level for various purposes. Table 1 summarizes the pavement cracking information for these protocols.
|
From page 78... ...
Table 2 AASHTO R 85-18 Cracking Protocol Crack Type Definitions Longitudinal Crack A crack at least 0.3 m (12") long and with a crack orientation between and including +20 and -20 degrees relative to the lane centerline.
|
From page 79... ...
The wheel path definition in AASHTO R 55-10 is shown in Figure 2. Wheel path cracking is determined in both the inside and outside wheel paths while non-wheel path cracking is the area between the wheel paths, as shown in Figure 2.
|
From page 80... ...
addition, the thresholds of crack width over various severity levels for block cracking are different from those for joint reflection cracking. Detailed crack information in this ASTM manual are separately summarized for asphalt and concrete pavement in Table 3.
|
From page 81... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Shrinkage Cracking No degree of severity Divided Slab Low severity of the majority of cracks with 4~8 cracked slabs; or medium severity of the majority of cracks with 4~5 cracked slabs. Low severity of the majority of cracks with more than 8 cracked slabs; or medium severity of the majority of cracks with 6~8 cracked slabs, or high severity of the majority of cracks with 4~5 cracked slabs.
|
From page 82... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Cracking or Longitudinal/ Transverse Cracking spalling, and can be filled or nonfilled. If nonfilled, the cracks have a mean width of 6 mm (1/4")
|
From page 83... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High occurred. No FOD potential.
|
From page 84... ...
Figure 3 Wheel path Definition in LTPP Protocol (FHWA, 2014) Table 5 LTPP Cracking Protocol Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Asphalt Pavement Fatigue Cracking Cracks with few connection are not spalled Interconnected cracks may be slightly spalled Cracks are severely spalled interconnected Block Cracking Width ≤ 6 mm (1/4")
|
From page 85... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Transverse Cracking Width ≤ 3 mm (1/8") with no spalling 3 mm (1/8")
|
From page 86... ...
UK SCANNER Protocol UK SCANNER protocol was introduced back in 2005 for measuring the condition of local authority principal roads in the United Kingdom (HGL, 2005)
|
From page 87... ...
Intensity of Wheeltrack Cracking follows the same mechanism as that of Cracking Intensity and is explained in Figure 6. It should be emphasized that the grid size for the wheeltrack calculation is 0.3 m by 0.5 m by default which is different from the grid dimension for Cracking Intensity calculation.
|
From page 88... ...
Figure 6 Scheme for Intensity of Wheeltrack Cracking Calculation (HGL, 2005)
|
From page 89... ...
Alabama Department of Transportation The Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) has used a vendor to perform automated pavement condition survey for the Alabama pavement network since 1997 (McQueen and Timm, 2005)
|
From page 90... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Edge Cracking Cracking with no breakup Cracking with some breakup Considerable breakup Longitudinal Cracking Width ≤ 3 mm (1/8")
|
From page 91... ...
at network-level pavement data collection (Caltrans, 2015)
|
From page 92... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Longitudinal Cracking Width ≤ 6 mm (1/4")
|
From page 93... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Reflective Cracking Width ≤ 6 mm (1/4")
|
From page 94... ...
Figure 9 Wheel path Definition in Protocol of DelDOT (DelDOT, 2017) Table 10 Cracking Protocol for DelDOT Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High AC Pavements Fatigue Cracking Cracks with few connection are not spalled.
|
From page 95... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Joint Reflective Cracking Width ≤ 6 mm (1/4")
|
From page 96... ...
distresses for defect rating. Only cracks longer than 1 foot are recorded.
|
From page 97... ...
Georgia Department of Transportation The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) developed the Pavement Condition Evaluation System (PACES)
|
From page 98... ...
Crack Type Slight Moderate Heavy mm (3")
|
From page 99... ...
information is collected, and when and how the information is entered into the Illinois Roadway Information System (IRIS)
|
From page 100... ...
Indiana Department of Transportation An identification guideline for pavement surface distresses were developed by Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to improve the INDOT pavement preservation practices (Lee and Shields, 2010)
|
From page 101... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Moderate High (3") wide with no loss of material or patching.
|
From page 102... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels 1 2 3 4 patching done or necessary. Patching deteriorated and 0.6 m (2')
|
From page 103... ...
Maryland Department of Transportation The Maryland Department of Transportation (MDOT) detects measures and rates pavement cracks in accordance with the most recent AASHTO R 55, Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS)
|
From page 104... ...
Michigan Department of Transportation "Chapter 5: Signs of Pavement & Bridge Distress and Fix Selection Guidelines" in the "Project Scoping Manual" provides examples of common distresses and potential fixes for various type of distresses on Michigan's pavements (MDOT, 2017) with the LTPP protocol being their basis.
|
From page 105... ...
and surface distress index for MnDOT with a 0.0 – 4.0 rating scale. The higher the SR number, the less amount of cracking is present.
|
From page 106... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High ("D") Cracking Transverse & Longitudinal Joint Cracking Spalling occurs a minimum of 50 mm (2")
|
From page 107... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Moderate High Grid Block Cracking Width ≤ 6 mm (1/4")
|
From page 108... ...
Table 22 Cracking Protocol for NMDOT Crack Type Severity Levels Extent Alligator/Fatigue Cracking Low: Hairline cracks ≤ 3 mm (1/8") wide with few interconnection.
|
From page 109... ...
The Dominant Distresses considered in the NYSDOT Rating Procedure are alligator cracking, faulting, spalling and widening dropoff. Alligator cracking on flexible and overlaid pavements is reported in the wheel path.
|
From page 110... ...
Table 25 Cracking Protocol for ODOT Crack Type Severity Levels Extent Low Medium High Occasional Frequent Extensive Flexible Pavements Wheel Track Cracking Single/multiple cracks < 6 mm (1/4") Multiple cracks > 6 mm (1/4")
|
From page 111... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Extent Low Medium High Occasional Frequent Extensive 30 m (100') Jointed Concrete Pavements Transverse Cracking (Plain Concrete)
|
From page 112... ...
Table 26 Cracking Protocol for ODOT Crack Type Severity Levels AC Pavements Fatigue Cracking Level 1: Longitudinal cracks with few or no intersecting cracks, or polygon crack (> 0.1 m2 or 1 ft2) in the wheel path.
|
From page 113... ...
Table 27 Cracking Protocol for ODOT Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High AC Pavements Fatigue Cracking Cracks with few connection are not spalled. Interconnected cracks may be slightly spalled.
|
From page 114... ...
cracking, transverse cracking, and miscellaneous cracking are reported for bituminous surface pavements. Transverse cracking and longitudinal cracking are collected and reported for rigid pavements.
|
From page 115... ...
South Dakota Department of Transportation South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) developed the "Pavement Management Visual Distress Survey Manual" to elaborate the distress survey to better evaluate the condition of pavements (SDDOT, 2017)
|
From page 116... ...
Bituminous and Concrete pavement segments (SCDOT, 2018)
|
From page 117... ...
On CRCP pavement, transverse cracking that have spalled is rated and the total number of spalled cracking reported. The average cracking spacing should be calculated to obtain the percentage of spalled transvers cracking as a measure of whether the CRCP slab is behaving as designed.
|
From page 118... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Transverse Cracking Crack widths ≤ 3 mm (1/8") without spalling or faulting.
|
From page 119... ...
Table 32 Cracking Protocol for VTrans Crack Type Severity Levels Low Medium High Transverse Cracking Width ≤ 3 mm (1/8")
|
From page 120... ...
(2) 8.0 ft ≤ Lane Width ≤ 11.5 ft (3)
|
From page 121... ...
(4) Lane Width < 7.0 ft Figure 13 Wheel path Definition in Protocols of VDOT (VDOT, 2012)
|
From page 122... ...
Crack Type Severity Levels JCP Pavements Corner Breaks Level 1: The crack is spalled for no more than ¼ of its length and the corner break is in one piece. Level 2: The crack is spalled for more than ¼ of its length or the corner break is in two or more pieces.
|
From page 123... ...
percentage of panels in the segment with cracking. Table 34 summarizes the cracking types for asphalt and concrete pavements.
|
From page 124... ...
and the causes of distresses, and provide a system to visually rate conditions. The rating data are further used for WisDOT local road inventory and as part of a computerized pavement management system named PASERWARE.
|
From page 125... ...
References 1) Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT)
|
From page 126... ...
13) Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)
|
From page 127... ...
28) Nebraska Department of Roads (DNOR)
|
From page 128... ...
44) Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.