Flourishing in Adolescence A Virtual Workshop: Proceedings of a Workshop (2020) / Chapter Skim
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2 Implications for the National Agenda on Fostering the Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development of Youth
2 Implications for the National Agenda on Fostering the Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development of Youth
Pages 3-16
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. Nicole Kahn, program officer at the National Academies, gave an overview of the 2020 National Academies consensus study report, Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century (NASEM, 2020)
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Interplay between Biology and Environmental Epigenetics Brindis elaborated on why the report highlighted the need for focusing on adolescent development specifically, and the influence that epigenetics and the environmental pressures that shape individuals exerts on the way 1 The full list of recommendations from this report is provided in Appendix D
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Areas of Opportunity for Reform The sensitive yet malleable period of adolescent development presents unique opportunities to influence neurobiological behavior and life trajectories. Brindis stated that because adolescents experience increased curiosity and reward sensitivity, societal incentives should encourage them to embrace longer-term rewards.
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6 FIGURE 2-1 Developmental trajectories with protective factors and harmful experiences. SOURCE: The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth, Figure 3-2.
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Additional health system challenges that adolescents face include inexperience in navigating the complex health care system, confidentiality concerns regarding their care, and an increase in the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors. To address these challenges, Brindis suggested developmentally appropriate changes to provider practices and innovative care models to help adolescents become more engaged in their own care.
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Brindis acknowledged the work being done in communities across the country such as youth courts and commended the communities trying to find alternatives to incarceration during these vulnerable developmental periods. Moving Forward Closing her presentation, Brindis emphasized the collective responsibility of society to build systems that support and promote positive adolescent development, and she said that these systems work best when they reflect the specific socio-ecological circumstances of each child.
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In addition to this, Kahn also said it is important to help youth discern between healthy and unhealthy risks. Healthy risk environments and opportunities allow youth to explore their environments, practice decision making, and cultivate independence.
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The second key finding from the report was that more research is needed to identify, measure, and evaluate the effective components of adolescent health behavior programs. She said that while the committee did find research that identifies the most common core components of programs, more research is needed to specify which components are most effective.
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In addition to these charges, the committee was to take the following into consideration: prevalence trends of specific MEB conditions, the current context for health promotion strategies using a public health framework, biological and environmental influences, two-generation approaches, and the use of complementary and integrative approaches such as mindfulness. Committee Findings Mendelson presented the 2019 report as an amplification of two previous National Academies reports: the 2009 report Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities, which itself was an update to the 1994 report Reducing Risk for Mental Disorders.
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Life Course Perspective Model Echoing the findings of The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for all Youth, Mendelson explained how the committee utilized the life-course perspective model to identify possible interventions. Committee members focused on preconception through young adulthood and identified interventions that would have the most optimal developmental effects at each stage of life.
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FIGURE 2-3 Environmental and biological influence on developmental stages. SOURCE: NASEM, 2019a, Figure 2-2.
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Effective Intervention Strategies Based on the ways child development is affected, the report committee included strategies for effective intervention implementation on the generational, educational, health care, community, and policy levels. The committee recommended improvements regarding generational interventions, as well as evaluation methods to measure the impacts of these interventions on offspring.
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The recommendations align with the committee's vision, which Mendelson described as a holistic approach to MEB health and development. This involves stakeholders recognizing the importance of measuring and tracking health and development, community empowerment, public health campaigns raising awareness for program improvement, health care providers and educators working for improvements, businesses investing in the well-being of employees, and governments considering MEB data in policy decisions.
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Kahn responded by highlighting the key relationships that the National Academies have with the federal government, and that this has allowed committee findings to be relayed to officials on the national level. Brindis also added that she believes improvements can be made in effectively translating the existing evidence and highlighting effective policies already implemented across the country to be used as models for national policy.
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