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From page 50... ... 50 The research included in this synthesis is the basis for a summary of airport renewable energy projects. It also sheds light on the overall state of renewable energy generation at U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Case Examples 51 Airport Code Hub Class Technology Date Project Ownership Description Appleton International Airport, WI ATW N Geothermal, solar PV, and solar thermal 2010– present Airport Solar hot water panels on roof of airport's general aviation terminal generate thermal heat Brunswick Executive Airport, ME BXM GA Anaerobic digester 2016 Private third party 1-MW anaerobic digester generates electricity from organic matter including wastewater treatment plant sludge and septic waste Charleston Yeager Airport, WV CRW N Canopymounted solar 2019 Airport FAA funding for airport solar project on top deck of parking garage Denver International Airport, CO DEN L Multiphase solar program 2008– present Private third party and airport Four solar PV arrays have been installed on airport property with a combined capacity of 10 MW DC Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, TX DFW L Renewable electricity purchasing 2006– 2019 Airport Purchase of 176,000,000 kWh/year from renewable and competitive energy supply sources including landfill gas, facilitating ACA Level 3+ carbon neutral accreditation Eastern Iowa Airport, IA CID S Geothermal heating and cooling 2018 Airport Heating and cooling for 54,000-sf expansion of airport terminal Ketchikan International Airport, AK KTN N Biomass 2016 Airport 500-MBH biomass boiler to heat airport terminal Nashville International Airport, TN BNA M Lake plate geothermal cooling 2016 Airport Geothermal lake plate system to use cooling capacity of abandoned quarry on airport property, funded with AIP 512 grant San Diego International Airport, CA SAN L Solar PV paired with battery storage 2016– present Airport and private third party 5.5 MW of solar PV and 2 MW/4 MW-h lithium-ion battery storage St. LouisLambert International Airport, MO STL M Groundmounted community solar 2019 Thirdparty utility Lease of land to utility for 1-MW groundmounted solar project Note: Hub classifications from the NPIAS: L = large; M = medium; S = small; N = nonhub; GA = general aviation. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples 4.1 Renewable Energy Program at Appleton International Airport (ATW) , WI Figure 41. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... Case Examples 53 move the airport toward implementation of a microgrid, whereby the airport can continue to be powered even in the event of a regional disruption of the power supply. Appleton International Airport (ATW) Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples 4.1.4 Project Benefits • Solar canopies provide the added benefit of covered parking, which increases customer satisfaction. 4.1.5 Lessons Learned • Projects are part of an integrated strategy approved by the airport executive team, which supports project implementation. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... Case Examples 55 of organic matter for fuel can be crops grown as feedstock or waste organics left over from other uses. An anaerobic digester is a vessel that captures biogas from naturally degrading organic matter, which can then be combusted to generate electricity. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples • The digester generates power on site, thereby decreasing reliability on local energy and supporting a longer-term concept of a microgrid. • The project supports the overall Brunswick Landing economic development goals of attracting renewable energy and technology businesses. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Case Examples 57 4.3.2 Project Details The Yeager Airport solar project comprises 1,701 solar PV panels on the top deck of the airport's long-term parking garage. It has a combined power rating of 630 kW, which is sufficient to support the energy needs of the airport's two parking garages and equivalent to the power consumed by 70 average households. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 58 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples 4.3.5 Lessons Learned • Airport funding needs can change quickly, but these changes should not alter the airport's long-term planning objectives. • Project success is strongly influenced by the support of airport management and a committed champion. Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Case Examples 59 Denver International Airport (DEN) through a variety of methods and initiatives by responding to opportunities that maximize economic and environmental benefits. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 60 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples DEN then participated in projects developed under the Colorado Community Solar Gardens Act. The act permits the development of grid-connected solar projects up to 2 MW, with a single large customer or subscriber using up to 40% of the power output and 60% or more purchased by smaller energy consumers. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... Case Examples 61 4.4.5 Lessons Learned • Airports should evaluate their project objectives to understand the life of the project. Airports should also document options and decision-making processes at the beginning of the project to refer to throughout the life of the project. Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... 62 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples utilities own the transmission infrastructure and deliver the power, but the energy produced can be purchased in an open market -- DFW developed a reverse auction procurement process for purchasing electricity. The airport incrementally increased the minimum level of renewables annually until 2018, when it required bidders to supply all of the purchased electricity from renewable sources. Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... Case Examples 63 4.5.5 Lessons Learned • It is imperative that contracts provide ownership not only of the energy but also of the environmental attributes, including RECs and carbon credits, which substantiate ownership of renewable energy values. • Because the program is not visible, as is the case for an on-site renewable energy facility, it can be complemented by either a small demonstration facility in a highly visible location or a prominent educational campaign. Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... 64 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples 4.6.1 Introduction Prominent renewable energy technologies such as solar PV and wind power generate renewable electricity. Technologies that displace traditional fossil fuel–based heating and cooling have been more challenging to develop at scale; this challenge is attributable in part to the fact that heating and cooling require on-site systems (compared with large regional electric power plants) Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... Case Examples 65 Planning for the third phase of the terminal modernization project included working with Alliant Energy, the utility service provider, to identify and assess building system options, including alternatives to achieve sustainability objectives. An important consideration was the applicability of a rebate program for commercial customers developing new construction projects. Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 66 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples 4.7.1 Introduction The opportunity to generate renewable energy depends primarily on geography and climate. For example, wind farms will be most cost-effective when constructed in windy regions. Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... Case Examples 67 • Previous installations had incomplete combustion, which could be resolved by purchasing different equipment and working with an experienced engineering team. • The airport also purchased the boiler and silo separately, this ensuring that KTN had control in selection of the most critical components and bid engineering and installation. Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 68 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples terminal's central utility plant and, as prechilled water, reduces significantly the energy required to cool the terminal. Once the cooling has been accomplished, warmer water of about 79°F is circulated back to the quarry, repeating the cycle. Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... Case Examples 69 February 2016. The project team focused on optimizing the system through the first 6 months, which was critical to ensuring enhanced system performance. Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 70 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples Energy storage technology allows for enhanced control over when on-site energy is consumed, which in turn allows the user to reduce grid purchases at times of peak demand prices. An energy storage system also supports the key components of an independent microgrid, with on-site generation controlled and energy dispatched in a consistent manner to feed on-site demand in the microgrid when it is disconnected from the regional grid. Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... Case Examples 71 all RECs generated from the systems. The power output from the solar facilities varies depending on time of day and weather conditions; the battery system captures some solar output and releases it later in an effort to distribute the power more consistently. Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... 72 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples 4.9.4 Project Benefits • Reduced overall electrical utility costs: – Demand costs are reduced through consolidation of small meters and conjunctive billing of the main circuits. – Increased capacity for solar PV and battery storage helps the airport produce and use power at a lower, more effective rate. Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... Case Examples 73 a lease payment as an airport revenue source. The Ameren Missouri Lambert Community Solar Center is an example of a recently constructed community solar project. Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... 74 Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples When STL engaged FAA in project approval, the airport determined that preparing and funding the approval process for a 10-acre project site would be prohibitive. It worked with Ameren to reduce the footprint below the 3-acre threshold that would allow for streamlined FAA approval under NEPA. Read the entire page →

From page 50...

... 50 The research included in this synthesis is the basis for a summary of airport renewable energy projects. It also sheds light on the overall state of renewable energy generation at U.S.