Effectiveness and Efficiency of Defense Environmental Cleanup Activities of DOE's Office of Environmental Management Report 1 (2021) / Chapter Skim
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2 Overview of Environmental Management Program Evolution
2 Overview of Environmental Management Program Evolution
Pages 18-33
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Source material is actinides, or ores containing actinides, that are fissionable with neutrons. Such ores can be milled and, when specified, selectively enriched in isotopes more suitable for nuclear chain reactions (becoming special nuclear material)
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This created for the first time an assistant secretary with line management responsibility for the disposition of defense wastes.3 The organizational unit was called the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management -- albeit now headed by a presidentially-appointed, Senateconfirmed official -- but within a few years became known as the Office of Environmental Management (EM) .4 The Office of Environmental Management currently has three verticals: Field Operations (EM-3)
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This created for the first time an assistant secretary with line management responsibility for the disposition of defense wastes.7 EM was charged with the responsibility of cleaning up 107 contaminated sites in 35 states, covering approximately 3,100 square miles.8 Over time the on-site contractors funded by EM cleaned up sites 6 In addition, there is EM-2, the principal deputy assistant secretary. 7 Secretary of Energy James Watkins issued SEN-13-89 on November 8, 1981, affirming the Department's intention to ask for congressional authority for a new assistant secretary.
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and DOE, retained authority to regulate its own sites contaminated with AEA materials. There were exceptions to the latter; for example, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land Withdrawal Act of 1993 (P.L.
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, Office of Environmental Management, Department of Energy, "EM Program History and Overview," presentation to the committee, February 24, 2020, Washington, D.C.
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. Smaller portions of budget authority are sourced from the Non-Defense Environmental Cleanup account and the Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning account.
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in Washington state; and closure of R almost 90 acres of coal ash and contaminated soil at the D-Area Ash Basin, adjacent to a steam and electricity plant that provided energy services at the Savannah River Site (Aiken, South Carolina)
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Nuclear weapons and energy production activities required the construction of many buildings and facilities, produced large quantities of radioactive and hazardous wastes, and resulted in widespread groundwater and soil contamination at these sites, often referred to as "nuclear legacy sites." More than 100 of the DOE nuclear legacy sites required cleanup actions. Eleven were cleaned up prior to 1989; the majority of sites, 55, were cleaned up in the 10 years between 1989 and 1998; 20 sites were cleaned up between
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, listed by site; fiscal year 2021. "Other" includes monies for, in decreasing order: Los Alamos National Laboratory; West Valley Demonstration Project; Nevada National Security Site; Moab; Separations Process Research Unit; Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC)
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SOURCE: Adapted from Todd Shrader, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary (EM-2) , Office of Environmental Management, "EM Program History and Overview," presentation to the committee, February 24, 2020, Washington, D.C.
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FIGURE 2.7 Sites requiring environmental remediation in 1989 when the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (later the Office of Environmental Management) was created.
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OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM EVOLUTION 29 TABLE 2.2 Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management's Cleanup Completion of Sites Site Closure Date Hallam Nuclear Power Facility, NE 1969 Piqua Nuclear Power Facility, OH 1969 Bayo Canyon, NM 1982 Kellex/Pierpont, NJ 1982 University of California, CA 1982 Acid/Pueblo Canyons, NM 1984 Chupadera Mesa, NM 1984 Canonsburg, PA 1986 Shiprock, NM 1987 Middlesex Municipal Landfill, NJ 1987 Niagara Falls Storage Site Vicinity Properties, NY 1987 Salt Lake City, UT 1989 Spook, WY 1989 National Guard Armory, IL 1989 University of Chicago, IL 1989 Green River, UT 1990 Lakeview, OR 1990 Riverton, WY 1990 Tuba City, AZ 1990 Durango, CO 1991 Lowman, ID 1992 Pagano Salvage Yard, NM 1992 Elza Gate, TN 1992 Albany Research Center, OR 1993 Baker and Williams Warehouses, NY 1993 Falls City, TX 1994 Grand Junction Mill Tailings Site, CO 1994 Monument Valley, AZ 1994 Salton Sea Test Base, CA 1994 Project Chariot, AK 1994 Aliquippa Forge, PA 1994 Granite City Steel, IL 1994 Seymour Specialty Wire, CT 1994 Ambrosia Lake, NM 1995 continued
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H Schnoor, PA 1995 Chapman Valve, MA 1995 General Motors, MI 1995 Herring-Hall Marvin Safe Co., MA 1995 Gunnison, CO 1995 Oxnard Facility, CA 1996 South Valley Superfund Site, NM 1996 B&T Metals, OH 1996 Baker Brothers, OH 1996 Oak Ridge Associated Universities, TN 1996 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, IL 1996 Site A/Plot M, IL 1997 Geothermal Test Facility, CA 1997 New Rifle, CO 1997 Old Rifle, CO 1997 Pinellas Plant, FL 1997 Slick Rock Old North Continent, CO 1997 Slick Rock Union Carbide, CO 1997 New Brunswick Site, NJ 1997 Ventron, MA 1997 Bellfield, ND 1997 Bowman, ND 1998 Maybell, CO 1998 Naturita, CO 1998 Center for Energy and Environmental Research, PR 1998 Ames Laboratory, IA 1998 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, NJ 1999 Sandia National Laboratories – CA 1999 Monticello Remedial Action Project, UT 1999
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at Oak Ridge gained headway with completion of demolition of the K-1037 Building. • The Savannah River Site completed an 11-year demonstration of two interim salt waste processing facilities, which support preparations for the startup of the Salt Waste Processing Facility, to be used to process tank waste on-site.
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Niskayuna, NY $15 million 2030 Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC) Canoga Park, CA $11 million Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM $5 million 2031 Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY $0 million 2020 aAs reported by EM's 2020 strategic plan.
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GAO (U.S. Government Accountability Office)
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