Improving the Health and Safety of Transit Workers with Corresponding Impacts on the Bottom Line (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 24-35
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24 4.1 Introduction This chapter aims to identify and estimate national healthcare costs and worker productivity as a function of transit worker illness and injury. The estimates provided are generally for the entire population of transit workers and are used to inform evaluations of transit agency health promotion programs.
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Prevalence and Costs of Health Conditions 25 Figure 3. Examples of costs of transit worker illness and injury paid by workers, employers, and society.
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26 Improving the Health and Safety of Transit Workers with Corresponding Impacts on the Bottom Line care costs include those paid by both transit workers and their employers. Because of data confidentiality restrictions and differences in cost measurement, it is not always possible to differentiate costs among transit workers, employers, and state/federal entities.
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Prevalence and Costs of Health Conditions 27 In Table 3, vehicle operations refers to all activities associated with vehicle operations, including transportation administration and support, revenue vehicle movement control, scheduling of transportation operations, revenue vehicle operation, ticketing and fare collection, and system security. Vehicle maintenance refers to all activities associated with revenue and non-revenue (service)
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28 Improving the Health and Safety of Transit Workers with Corresponding Impacts on the Bottom Line available by occupation codes instead of by four-digit NAICS codes, the project team used the relevant occupation codes. For calculating industry-wide costs for transit workers, APTA's base figure of 359,669 transit workers was used.
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Prevalence and Costs of Health Conditions 29 In a 2012 Gallup Poll, transportation workers reported the highest rates of chronic health problems and the lowest well-being among different occupation types (Witters 2013)
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30 Improving the Health and Safety of Transit Workers with Corresponding Impacts on the Bottom Line employers for information about worker injury and illness, which is processed and reported by state agencies via the BLS (e.g., BLS 2017b)
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Prevalence and Costs of Health Conditions 31 Bushnell's findings can be compared to a study by Gillespie, Watt, and Landsbergis et al.
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32 Improving the Health and Safety of Transit Workers with Corresponding Impacts on the Bottom Line people over age 45 are represented in higher numbers within the transit worker population than the general worker population. As such, the prevalence of health conditions and risk factors among transit and transportation workers as listed in Table 6 and Table 7 likely also varies by sociodemographic variables, with some groups experiencing higher rates of health conditions and risk factors than others.
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Prevalence and Costs of Health Conditions 33 During the fourth quarter of 2017, 76.8% of 3,780 rail and bus operators, mechanics, and clerks who belonged to the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) and subscribed to the union's health coverage made clinical visits at which the recorded BMI for 62.2% of the workers classified them as obese (Calvin, personal communication, 2019)
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34 Improving the Health and Safety of Transit Workers with Corresponding Impacts on the Bottom Line 4.4.2 Findings for Medical Expenditure Estimates of Chronic Conditions and Risk Factors in Transit Workers From the Literature and Data Sources Differences in the prevalence rates of certain conditions among transit workers beyond those of the general population were presented in Table 6. Table 8 displays average annual medical expenditures per person by condition based on the 2015 MEPS data.
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Prevalence and Costs of Health Conditions 35 Tobacco use and obesity have wide-ranging public health impacts through the exacerbation of illness symptoms and illness risks. These illness risk factors have been associated with higher medical spending.
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