Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis (2020) / Chapter Skim
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9 Approaches to Programming Safety Improvement Projects Part B of the HSM presents a six-step safety management approach (AASHTO, 2010)
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10 Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis of the HSM (AASHTO, 2010)
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Approaches to Programming Safety Improvement Projects 11 similar sites or facilities. Prioritization of individual sites is made within a reference population.
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12 Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis (Porter et al., forthcoming) , provide examples of contributing factors associated with a variety of crash types.
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Approaches to Programming Safety Improvement Projects 13 2.2 Crash-History-Based Safety Management Approach The purpose of the crash-history-based safety management approach, sometimes referred to as a "black-spot" or hot-spot analysis, is to identify locations on the system where a high frequency or rate of crashes has occurred and to improve those sites to remedy the situation. Implementing the crash-history-based safety management approach requires high-quality crash data with accurate location data throughout the roadway network.
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14 Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis Economic analyses are then performed at the site level, considering the potential countermeasures identified in the previous step. The costs of recommended countermeasures for the site are compared to the potential economic savings due to crashes prevented by the countermeasures.
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Approaches to Programming Safety Improvement Projects 15 • Lane departure, • Rollover, • Fixed object, • Speed-related, • Younger driver involvement, • Impaired driving, • Pedestrians, • Bicyclists, and • Nighttime. One option for an agency to identify target crash types to address using a systemic safety management approach is to refer to a state or regional SHSP that documents emphasis areas or target crash types for the state's or region's safety program.
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16 Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis – Curve warning signs, – Chevrons/delineators, – Lane/shoulder widening, – Speed feedback signs, – Tree/clear zone removal. • Intersections: – Signal backplates, – Crosswalk enhancements -- striping, signing, rectangular rapid flashing beacons, – Countdown pedestrian signals, – Pedestrian refuge islands, – Curb extensions, – Reflective strips on sign posts, – Mini-roundabouts, – Lighting.
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Approaches to Programming Safety Improvement Projects 17 • This approach is proactive because countermeasures can be programmed for implementation at locations that may not have a history of crashes (Gross et al., 2016)
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18 Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis budgets the necessary funding into future projects as part of construction and/or maintenance costs. Expected benefits may be estimated using a reliable CMF for the treatment and applying it to the number of crashes experienced in a given time period over the portion of the system to which the treatment is going to be applied.
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Approaches to Programming Safety Improvement Projects 19 management approach seeks to identify locations where treatments have the highest potential to prevent future crashes to get the most benefit from the safety investment; and like the policybased safety management approach, the systemic safety management approach focuses on proactively applying lower-cost treatments to many sites to address possible future crashes. The key features that distinguish the systemic safety management approach from the other two approaches are as follows: • Although the crash-history-based safety management approach can address target crashes, in most cases the focus is on initially identifying sites with a high frequency of all crash types and then addressing a range of crash types across the sites to be improved.
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