Federal Government Human Health PFAS Research Workshop Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Federal Government Human Health PFAS Research Workshop: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Federal Government Human Health PFAS Research Workshop: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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Department of Agriculture, Department of Defense, and Department of Health and Human Services, requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convene a workshop. The workshop, organized by a 10-person planning committee with participation by over 60 federal researchers from various agencies, was held virtually on October 26–27, 2020.1 The workshop topics included: the federal context for PFAS research, human exposure, experimental toxicology, human health outcomes, and cross-cutting issues in PFAS risk assessment.
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In 2018, EPA created a first-of-its-kind PFAS action plan,3 and the agency supports a comprehensive PFAS research program to understand and inform responses to PFAS risks. EPA decision making, such as protecting drinking water, designating hazardous substances, and regulating new and existing chemicals, benefits from human health PFAS research from EPA and other agencies.
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food supply, FDA is developing analytical methods to quantitate PFAS in food and is conducting studies to understand whether foods are a significant source of PFAS exposure, said Susan Mayne. FDA has conducted eight surveys to measure specific PFAS in foods, including at sites with known contamination, and the Total Diet Study monitors for PFAS in commonly eaten foods that represent the average U.S.
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In addition, ATSDR is developing assessments to determine relative contribution of drinking water to body burden for other chemicals beyond PFOS and PFOA. Research Gaps and Discussion: Glassmeyer identified three broad areas for study: (1)
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Related to the role of drinking water in overall PFAS exposure, Glassmeyer pointed to the need to better understand not only ingestion, but also dermal and inhalation routes of exposure, as well as the contribution of water relative to other pathways such as food and dust. Diet State of the Science: Validated analytical methods are available for 16 types of PFAS in different foods, generally below 100 parts per trillion, reported Paul South, FDA.
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Research Gaps and Discussion: Lindstrom highlighted additional research and data needs, including total exposure studies that pair biomonitoring with simultaneous data on PFAS in drinking water, food, air, and products to tease out the contribution from each. He noted that different parts of the country, age, socioeconomic status, and other variables need to be considered, given the heterogeneity and exposure-specific nature of PFAS exposures.
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reproductive/developmental effects. The found in drinking water." – Gloria Post, New Jersey Department of toxicokinetics vary by species, chemical and, in some cases, sex of the Environmental Protection and planning animal model, although limited data are available for emerging PFAS.
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In the past 10–15 years, he explained, PFAS epidemiology work has primarily focused on a relatively small number of contaminated community drinking water supplies, which provide a large population to study with substantial exposure. Major studies on PFAS and human health outcomes include the C8 10 See https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24635/using-21st-century-science-to-improve-risk-related-evaluations.
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Additionally, the ATSDR Multi-Site Health Study will evaluate potential associations between PFAS exposure and many health effects, including thyroid and kidney function, osteoporosis/osteoarthritis, and neurological outcomes. Research Gaps and Discussion: Data gaps include improving exposure measures, developing a better understanding of co-exposures, and determining how innovative studies such as intervention-based approaches may provide more complete information on health outcomes, as raised by Pavuk and several other discussants.
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Bove and Fenton reported associations between PFAS exposure and low birthweight and fetal growth restriction. However, Fenton and planning committee member Scott Bartell, University of California, Irvine, suggested that confounding by maternal physiology may affect these associations, with Fenton urging researchers to consider potential associations between preeclampsia and lower birthweight when interpreting data.
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Work is ongoing to identify chemicals in PFAS mixtures and create objective, reproducible PFAS groups that are structurally and mechanistically consistent, and available data on physicochemical properties and bioaccumulation are being culled from the literature to update existing models. Research Gaps and Discussion: Rusty Thomas stated that more data on exposure, intrinsic properties, toxicology, toxicokinetics, and health effects are needed to group PFAS and select among different class-based approaches.
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Gillespie noted EPA is also working on other methods to quantify emerging PFAS, including total organofluorine analysis, combustion ion chromatography, and particle-induced gamma-ray emission, and is building a website with information on these research-grade methods. CLOSING REMARKS In the last session, the planning committee shared a series of slides that distilled what they took away as key points from each presentation.
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