Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 38-51
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38 Literature Review Alessandrini, A., R Alfonsi, P
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Literature Review and Survey 39 for a manufacturer's testing permit, requirements for a certificate of self-insurance, proof of financial responsibility, and other requirements.
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40 Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation Governors Highway Safety Association.
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Literature Review and Survey 41 designed to carry only goods and no passengers. The VSSA includes standard elements of the company's vision, vehicle specifications and technologies, safety testing methods, the operational design domain specifications, and high-level policy considerations.
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42 Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation U.S.
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Literature Review and Survey 43 operational support. Demonstrations occurred on a 2.5-mi closed low-volume loop.
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44 Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation on LSAVs and LSAV testing and reflects the information as of the publication of the referenced documents.
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Literature Review and Survey 45 As of 2018, the literature review indicated that LSAV pilots and demonstrations have largely occurred on existing limited access right-of-way.6 A dedicated right-of-way for AVs eliminates risks from mixed traffic or from unprotected left-hand turns. In developing LSAV projects, project managers need to account for interactions with other vehicle types, including higher-speed transit vehicles and bicyclists or pedestrians (for example, at intersections or on mixed-use paths)
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46 Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation LSAV Characteristics According to research by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, LSAVs have the following characteristics: • Fully automated driving (SAE Level 4 or 5, intended for use without a driver)
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Literature Review and Survey 47 injury or fatality in a crash, for pedestrian safety as seen in Figure A.1. The escalation of risk with the increase of speeds holds for vehicle crashes with other vehicles as well.20 There is no standard definition of "safety" in the specific context of AVs, including LSAVs.21 A 2018 Rand report explores definitions of safety, safety measurement, and communication about safety, limiting the discussion to highly automated vehicles, or vehicles operating under SAE automation Level 4 or 5.
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48 Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards NHTSA has a legislative mandate under Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety, to issue FMVSS and Regulations to which manufacturers of motor vehicles and items of motor vehicle equipment must conform and certify compliance.
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Literature Review and Survey 49 applicable laws.28 The regulations vary depending on many factors, and little has been written about the topic. The 2018 report on LSAVs conducted by Volpe did not fully address the issue of ADA compliance because of the levels of complexity and rapid changes in the levels of compliance.29 U.S.
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50 Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation vehicles and/or with the physical infrastructure via several communications technologies, including DSRC and 5G cellular.
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Literature Review and Survey 51 User Acceptance There are no peer-reviewed studies published on consumer acceptance of LSAVs specifically. There are polling studies that consistently indicate that AVs generally do not enjoy high levels of consumer confidence.
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