Evaluating Hearing Loss for Individuals with Cochlear Implants (2021) / Chapter Skim
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4 Characteristics of Hearing and Speech Tests
4 Characteristics of Hearing and Speech Tests
Pages 59-84
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The committee selected several sentence tests and word tests to describe in this chapter. The tests selected are those that are commonly used to evaluate hearing loss in adults and children with cochlear implants.
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• Arizona Biomedical (AzBio) Sentences Test • Pediatric AzBio Sentences Test Word Tests • Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten (PBK)
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Unaided speech audiometry can be administered and billed solely as a speech reception threshold or SRT (92555) , SRT combined with unaided word recognition testing (92556)
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Those same concerns hold for word tests as well. SENTENCE TESTS The following sections characterize sentence tests that are commonly used to evaluate hearing loss in adults and children with cochlear implants.
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(1994) as a measure of sentence speech reception thresholds.
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The popular use of these sentences in the evaluation of cochlear implant patients disregards this intent in that the sentences are presented at fixed levels in quiet or in the presence of fixed-level noise. Because of that, the reliability demonstrated during initial test construction does not necessarily apply to the common use of these sentences with cochlear implant users.
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Availability The HINT-C is no longer available for purchase by cochlear implant audiologists or others (see HINT availability)
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For example, when using only one list per condition, results would have to be greater than 3.2 dB to be considered statistically different, given an 80% CI; that difference score decreases to 2.2 dB for two lists, to 1.8 dB for three lists, with further, diminishing decreases as the number of test lists continues to increase. Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech in Noise The BKB-SIN test is a sentence test that was developed primarily for use with both children and patients who are candidates for or already have cochlear implants (Etymōtic Research, 2005)
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The test manual provides information regarding the magnitude of difference that can be reliably measured when comparing two conditions as a function of number of lists for adults with normal hearing, adult cochlear implant users, and children. Arizona Biomedical Sentences Test The AzBio Sentences Test was devised by Spahr and Dorman at Arizona State University specifically as an experiment to compare the speech understanding abilities of high-performing patients implanted with different cochlear implant systems, in everyday listening environments (Spahr and Dorman, 2005; Spahr et al., 2007)
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Concerns regarding the appropriateness of the content of some of these sentences, paired with the fact that the test was too difficult for some poorer-performing adult cochlear implant users, led to the creation of a new set of materials. The validated Pediatric AzBio Sentences Test consists of 16 equivalent lists of 20 sentences spoken by a single female talker (Spahr et al., 2014)
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WORD TESTS The section above highlighted the sentence tests that have been developed and can be used for individuals with cochlear implants. This section will focus on word tests.
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6 Words The NU-6 test was first described in 1966 by Tillman and Carhart. This test contains four lists of 50 CNC monosyllabic words.
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Based on both of these experiences, the developers suggested using the six equivalent and reliable lists when assessing speech perception abilities. Lexical Neighborhood Test and Multisyllabic Neighborhood Test Given that both word frequency and lexical similarity affect speech understanding, Kirk et al.
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The analysis of this testing revealed that young cochlear implant users were sensitive to the acoustic–phonetic similarity among the LNT's words in that they performed better with the easy lists than with the hard lists. Furthermore, word recognition scores were higher for multisyllabic than monosyllabic words for both easy and hard lists.
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who have examined the speech perception in noise abilities of these two groups of listeners. Digit Triplet Test Smits et al.
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CONSIDERATIONS BEYOND AUDITORY TESTING Auditory testing, including both audiometric thresholds and speech testing, is considered the gold standard of assessing auditory function in individuals with hearing loss. Cochlear implant candidacy and outcomes
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Note: This reliability information is for results obtained with the HINT administered as intended by the test authors. Use of the HINT with cochlear implant users almost always deviates from these procedures.
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(AzBio) Sentences Test Pediatric 2014 Children The AzBio test lists produce equivalent Arizona scores.
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. The consequence of hearing loss on quality of life in cochlear implant users can be measured using self-report questionnaires, such as two versions of the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (McRackan et al., 2019)
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For those reasons, the committee recommends monosyllabic word tests, rather than sentence tests. Given the limitations of the Hearing in Noise Test, the committee recommends the use of a monosyllabic word recognition test to assess hearing loss in individuals treated with cochlear implantation, consis tent with what the U.S.
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2017. Is the digit triplet test an effective and acceptable way to assess speech recognition in adults using cochlear implants in a home environment?
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1995. Lexical effects on spoken word recognition by pediatric cochlear implant users.
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2007. Auditory skills checklist: Clini cal tool for monitoring functional auditory skill development in young children with cochlear implants.
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2007. More challenging speech-perception tasks demonstrate binaural benefit in bilateral cochlear implant users.
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2000. Assessing cochlear implant benefit in very young children.
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