Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations
Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations
Pages 556-567
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From page 556... ...
P Acronyms and Abbreviations 4MOST 4-Metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope A&G acquisition and guiding AAAC Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science AAG Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants AAS American Astronomical Society ACT Atacama Cosmology Telescope ACTPOL Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarization Survey ADA Americans with Disabilities Act ADAP Astrophysics Data Analysis Program ADAS Astronomical Data Archiving System AEON Astronomical Event Observatory Network AER Astronomy Education Research AGB asymptotic giant branch AGEP Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate AGN active galactic nuclei AI artificial intelligence AIP American Institute of Physics AIPS Astronomical Image Processing System ALMA Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array AM CVn Canum Venaticorum AMANDA Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array AMEGO All-Sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory AMO atomic, molecular, and optical ANITA Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna AO adaptive optics 556
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APPENDIX P 557 AO announcement of opportunity AON Arctic Observing Network APC activity, project, or state of the profession white paper APL Applied Physics Laboratory APO Apache Point Observatory APOGEE Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment APRA Astrophysics Research and Analysis APS American Physical Society APT Advanced Particle-Astrophysics Telescope ARA Askaryan Radio Array ARC Astrophysics Research Consortium Telescope ARGOS Advanced Rayleigh Guided Ground Layer Adaptive Optics System ARIANNA Antarctic Ross Ice-Shelf Antenna Neutrino Array ARIEL Atmospheric Remote Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-Survey ASAS-SN All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae ASCR Advanced Scientific Computing Research ASKAP Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder ASM adaptive secondary mirror AST NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences Athena Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics ATI Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation ATP Astrophysics Theory Program AU astronomical unit AUI Associated Universities, Inc. AURA Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy AXAF Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility AXIS Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite BAO baryon acoustic oscillations BBN Big Bang Nucleosynthesis BH black hole BICEP Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization BOINC Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing CALIFA Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area CARMA Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy CASTOR Cosmological Advanced Survey Telescope for Optical and UV Research CATE cost and technical evaluation CCAT Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope CCD charge-coupled device CDM cold dark matter CE Cosmic Explorer CERN European Council for Nuclear Research (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire)
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/German Aerospace Center DM dark matter DMR Division of Materials Research DMS Division of Mathematical Sciences DoD Department of Defense DOE Department of Energy DRM design reference mission DSA-2000 Deep Synoptic Array 2000 DSOC deep space optical communications DST/HCIT Decadal Survey Testbed/High Contrast Imaging Testbed EBIO Education, Broader Impacts, and Outreach
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APPENDIX P 559 EDGES Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature E-ELT European Extremely Large Telescope EGS Extended Groth Strip EHT Event Horizon Telescope ELT Extremely Large Telescope ELTP Extremely Large Telescope Program EM electromagnetic EoR epoch of reionization EOVSA Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array EP3 Effective Practices for Physics Programs EPRV extreme precision radial velocity eROSITA Extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array ESA European Space Agency ESCAPE Extreme-Ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution ESDIS Earth Science Data and Information System ESM Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Group ESO European Southern Observatory ESS Exoplanet Science Strategy ETL Exoplanet Technology Laboratory Euclid DF-Fornax Euclid Deep Field Fornax Euclid DF-S Euclid Deep Field South Euclid NEP Euclid North Ecliptic Pole EUV extreme ultraviolet EVLA Expanded Very Large Array Far-IR far-infrared FASR Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope FaST Faculty and Student Teams FAST Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope FBOT fast and blue optical transient FCC Federal Communications Commission FDSS Faculty Development in Space Sciences FIP Far-IR Imager Polarimeter FMR SOFIA Five Year Flagship Mission Review FOBOS Fiber-Optic Broadband Optical Spectrograph FOM figure of merit FOV field of view FRB fast radio burst FTE full-time employee FTS Fourier transform spectrometer FUV far ultraviolet FY fiscal year GADGET Galaxies with Dark Matter and Gas Interact GALAH Galactic Archaeology with HERMES GALFA Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array HI Survey
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560 PATHWAYS TO DISCOVERY IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS FOR THE 2020s GBO Green Bank Observatory GBT Green Bank Telescope GC globular cluster G-CLEF GMT Consortium Large Earth Finder GECAM Gravitational Wave High-Energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-Sky Monitor GeMS Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System GEP Galaxy Evolution Probe GeV gigaelectronvolt GLAO ground layer adaptive optics GMACS GMT Multi-Object Astronomy and Cosmology Spectrograph GmagAO-X Giant Magellan Telescope Extreme Adaptive Optics GMT Giant Magellan Telescope GMTIFS GMT Integral Field Spectrograph GMTNIRS GMT Near-IR Spectrograph GNAO Gemini North Adaptive Optics GO guest observer GOMMTD Great Observatory Mission Maturation and Technology Development GONG Global Oscillations Network Group GOODS-N Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North GOODS-S Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South GPI Gemini Planet Imager GPS global positioning system GPU graphical processing unit GR general relativity GRB gamma-ray burst GRE Graduate Record Examination GR-MHD general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics GST Goode Solar Telescope GUSTO Galactic/Extragalactic ULDB Spectroscopic Terahertz Observatory GW gravitational wave GWOSC Gravitational Wave Open Science Center Gyr gigayear HabEx Habitable Exoplanet Observatory HAWC High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory HBCU Historically Black College and University HE high energy HEASARC High Energy Astrophysics Science Research Center HEP High Energy Physics HERA Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array HERMES Heliophysics Environmental and Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite HET Hobby-Eberly Telescope HI neutral hydrogen HIRAX Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment HOSTS Hunt for Observable Signatures of Terrestrial Systems HPC high-performance computing
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APPENDIX P 561 HPD half power diameter HR Hertzsprung-Russell HSI Hispanic Serving Institution HST Hubble Space Telescope HTC high-throughput computing HXDI High Definition X-ray Imager HZ habitable zone IACT Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope IAU International Astronomical Union IceCube-Gen2 IceCube Generation 2 ICM intracluster medium IFU integral field unit IGM intergalactic medium IGW inflationary gravitational waves IMBH intermediate-mass black hole IMF initial mass function INCITE Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment IPAC Infrared Processing and Analysis Center IPTA International Pulsar Timing Array IR infrared IRAF Image Reduction and Analysis Facility IRIS Infrared Imaging Spectrometer IR/O/UV infrared/optical/ultraviolet IRTF Infrared Telescope Facility ISM interstellar medium ISO Infrared Space Observatory ISS International Space Station ITU International Telecommunications Union IXO International X-ray Observatory IVOA International Virtual Observatory Alliance IXPE Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JHU Johns Hopkins University JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory JWST James Webb Space Telescope KAGRA Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector KAPA Keck All-Sky Precision Adaptive Optics KBO Kuiper Belt object KLIP Karhunen-Loève image processing KPIC Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer KPNO Kitt Peak National Observatory LAT Large Aperture Telescope
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562 PATHWAYS TO DISCOVERY IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS FOR THE 2020s LBA Long Baseline Array LBT Large Binocular Telescope LBTI Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer LBTO Large Binocular Telescope Observatory LCIT Large Mission Concept Independent Assessment Team LCOGT Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope LDB long duration balloon LEAP Large Area Burst Polarimeter LEDA Large-Aperture Experiment to Detect the Dark Ages LEO low Earth orbit LGBTQIA+ lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, intersex, asexual, plus LHAASO Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory LHC Large Hadron Collider LIGO Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory LISA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna LMA Lynx Mirror Assembly LMC Large Magellanic Cloud LMT Large Millimeter Telescope LSST Legacy Survey of Space and Time LTAO laser tomography adaptive optics LTK local and traditional knowledge LUVOIR Large UV/Optical/IR Surveyor LXM Lynx X-ray Microcalorimeter LyC Lyman continuum MAGIC Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescope MaNGA Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO MARC Maximizing Access to Research Careers mas milliarcseconds MCAO multi-conjugate adaptive optics MEMS micro-electro-mechanical-system MESA Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics MEV Maximum Expected Value MHD magnetohydrodynamics MIDEX Medium-Class Explorer MINERVA-Australis Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array-Australis MIR mid-infrared MIRC Michigan Infrared Beam Combiner MISC-T Mid-Infrared Spectrometer Camera Transit Spectrometer MKID microwave kinetic induction detector MKO Mauna Kea Observatory MKSR Mauna Kea Science Reserve MLSO Mauna Loa Solar Observatory MMA multi-messenger astrophysics MMT Multiple Mirror Telescope MO and MoO mission of opportunity
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APPENDIX P 563 MOAO multi-object adaptive optics MODHIS Multi-Object Diffraction-Limited High-Resolution Infrared Spectrograph MP Mentoring Plan MPE Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics MPS Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences MREFC Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction MRI Major Research Instrumentation MROI Magdalena Ridge Optical Interferometer MRSEC Materials Research Science and Engineering Center MSE Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center MSI Minority-Serving Institution MSIP Mid-Scale Innovations Program MSO Mid-Scale Opportunity MSRI Mid-scale Research Infrastructure MUCERPI Minority University and College Education and Research Partnership Initiative MWA Murchison Widefield Array NANOGrav North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NEID NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet Investigations with Doppler Spectroscopy NEO near-Earth object NEOWISE Near-Earth Object Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer NFIRAOS narrow field infrared adaptive optics system ngVLA Next Generation Very Large Array NICER Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer NIH National Institutes of Health NIR near-infrared NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NLSO NASA LISA Studies Office NN-EXPLORE NASA-NSF Exoplanet Observational Research Program NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAO National Optical Astronomy Observatory NOIRLab National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory NPOI Navy Precision Optical Interferometer NRAO National Radio Astronomy Observatory NS neutron star NS-EOS neutron star equation of state NSB National Science Board NSBP National Society of Black Physicists NSF National Science Foundation NSHP National Society of Hispanic Physicists NSO National Solar Observatory NSPIRES NASA Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration NuSTAR Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array
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564 PATHWAYS TO DISCOVERY IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS FOR THE 2020s NVO National Virtual Observatory NWNH New Worlds, New Horizons report O&M operations and maintenance OIR optical and infrared OMB Office of Management and Budget ORM Roque de los Muchachos Observatory OSS open source software OSS Origins Survey Spectrometer P5 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel PAARE Partnerships in Astronomy and Astrophysics Research PAG Program Analysis Group PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAMS Portfolio Analysis and Management System Pan-STARRS Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System pc parallax of one arcsecond (parsec) PDR Preliminary Design Review PER Physics Education Research PFS Prime Focus Spectrograph PGRE Physics Graduate Record Examination PHAT Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury Project PI principal investigator PIC particle-in-cell PICASO Planetary Intensity Code for Atmospheric Scattering PICTURE Planetary Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Recoverable Experiment PISN pair-instability supernovae PLATO Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars POEMMA Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics POLARBEAR Polarization of Background Radiation PTA pulsar timing array PTF Palomar Transient Factory PUI Primarily Undergraduate Institutions PUMA Packed Ultra-Wideband Mapping Array QCD quantum chromodynamics QIS quantum information science QSO quasi-stellar object R&D research and development RBIS research-based instructional strategies REU Research Experiences for Undergraduates RFI radio frequency interference RFI request for information RICE Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment RMS radio, millimeter, and submillimeter
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APPENDIX P 565 RMS root mean square RNO-G Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland Roman ST HLS Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope High Latitude Survey ROSAT Roentgen Satellite ROSES Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences RV radial velocity RXTE Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer SACNAS Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science SAFARI Spica Far Infrared Instrument SALT South African Large Telescope SAO Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory SAT Small Aperture Telescope SAT Strategic Astrophysics Technology SATCON Working Group on Satellite Constellations SCExAO Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics SCT Schwartzchild-Couder IACT Telescope SDO Solar Dynamics Observatory SDSS Sloan Digital Sky Survey SEA Change STEMM Equity Achievement Change SED spectral energy distribution SETI Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence SFR star formation rate SGMA Committee for Sexual-Orientation and Gender Minorities in Astronomy SIM Athena Science Instruments Module SIRTF Space Infrared Telescope Facility SKA Square Kilometre Array SLSNe super-luminous supernovae SMA Submillimeter Array SMARTS Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System SMBH supermassive black hole SMC Small Magellanic Cloud SMD Science Mission Directorate SMEX Small Explorer SNe supernovae SO Simons Observatory SOAR Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope SOFIA Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy SOLIS Synoptic Optical Long-Term Investigations of the Sun SOMER SOFIA Operations and Maintenance Efficiency Review SPB super pressure balloon SpecTel Spectroscopic Survey Telescope SPHERE Spectro-Polarimetric High-Contrast Exoplanet Research Instrument SPHEREx Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer SPICA Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics
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566 PATHWAYS TO DISCOVERY IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS FOR THE 2020s SPO South Pole Observatory SPT South Pole Telescope SQL structured query language SQUID superconducting quantum interference device SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research S-STEM Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics STDT science and technology definition team STEM science, technology, engineering, and mathematics STEMM science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine STIS Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph STMD Space Technology Mission Directorate STOP Structural, Thermal, and Optical Performance STScI Space Telescope Science Institute SVOM Space Variable Objects Monitor SWGO Southern Wide-Field Gamma-ray Observatory SZ Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (effect) TAP Transient Astrophysics Probe TCAN Theoretical and Computational Astrophysics Networks TCU Tribal College and University TDA time-domain astronomy TDE tidal disruption event TEAM-UP National Task Force to Elevate African American Representation in Undergraduate Physics and Astronomy TES transition edge sensor TESS Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite TIO Thirty Meter Telescope International Observatory TK Indigenous traditional knowledge TMT Thirty Meter Telescope TOM target and observation manager TRACE Technical, Risk, and Cost Evaluation TRL technology readiness level TSIP Telescope System Instrumentation Program TTV transit timing variation UHE ultra-high energy UHECR ultra-high-energy cosmic ray ULDB ultra-long duration balloon ULTRA Ultra-Stable Large Telescope Research and Analysis ULX ultraluminous X-ray URO University Radio Observatories USRA Universities Space Research Association UV ultraviolet UVOT UV-optical telescope VERITAS Very Energetic Imaging Telescope Array System
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Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer WFE wavefront error WFI Wide Field Imager WFIRST Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (renamed as the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescop) WFOS Wide-Field Optical Spectrometer WFS wavefront sensor WGAD Working Group on Accessibility and Disability WIA Women in Astronomy WIMP weakly interacting massive particle WISE Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer WIYN Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO Observatory WMAP Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe WNM warm neutral medium WRC World Radiocommunication Conference XGS Lynx X-ray Grating Spectrometer X-IFU X-ray Integral Field Unit XMM-Newton X-ray Multi Mirror Mission XRISM X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission XRP Exoplanet Research Program ZDI Zeeman Doppler Imaging ZTF Zwicky Transient Facility
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