Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 2: Research Overview (2021) / Chapter Skim
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From page 81... ...
81 Introduction This chapter presents the analysis results for intersections and segments with the respective access management strategies. Results are presented and discussed for each access management strategy, including goodness-of-fit measures, CURE plots, assessment tables, and CMFs to adjust the existing SPFs where applicable.
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From page 82... ...
82 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 27.
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From page 83... ...
Analysis Results 83 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 29.
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From page 84... ...
84 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management Table 68 shows the estimated CMFs, and Table 69 shows the details of the GLM models. For stop-controlled sites, the results logically indicate more crashes when ramp terminals are 1,500 ft or less away.
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From page 85... ...
Analysis Results 85 Table 72 shows the estimated CMFs and Table 73 shows the details of the GLM models. As shown in Table 72, the North Carolina results for 4SG and 3SG disagree with the Ohio results.
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From page 86... ...
86 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management Segments Median Opening Density Median opening density, defined as median openings per mile, is only relevant for 4D sites. Table 75 presents the goodness-of-fit measures from the CURE plots.
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From page 87... ...
Analysis Results 87 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 31.
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From page 88... ...
88 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 33.
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From page 89... ...
Analysis Results 89 Median Opening Spacing Median opening spacing is only relevant for 4D segments. To consider median opening spacing, the analysis included only segments with at least one median opening spacing measurement.
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From page 90... ...
90 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Maximum Median Opening Spacing Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 35. CURE plot of 4D maximum median opening spacing (Minnesota)
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From page 91... ...
Analysis Results 91 Site Types Number of Sites Number of Crashes Plotted Variable Factor MAX DEV % CURE >2 S.D. 4D 387 3,247 Fitted Value 111.04 7 4D 387 3,247 Number of Full Median Openings 169.52 3 4D 387 3,247 Number of 1-Direction Median Openings 169.52 7 4D 387 3,247 Number of 2-Direction Median Openings 183.68 9 4D 387 3,247 Number of Full Median Openings with Left-Turn Lane 183.68 6 4D 387 3,247 Number of 1-Direction Median Openings with Left-Turn Lane 184.69 13 4D 387 3,247 Number of 2-Direction Median Openings with Left-Turn Lane 184.69 9 MAX DEV = maximum deviation, S.D.
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From page 92... ...
92 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 2 4 6 8 10 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Two-Directional Median Openings Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 39. CURE plot of 4D number of two-directional median openings (Minnesota)
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From page 93... ...
Analysis Results 93 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 2 4 6 8 10 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Full Median Openings with Left-Turn Lane Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 40. CURE plot of 4D number of full median openings with left-turn lane (Minnesota)
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From page 94... ...
94 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management Tables 82 and 83 show the details for the GLM models based on two different model forms. For the GLM models, the parameter estimates also indicate the same trend with a few exceptions.
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From page 95... ...
Analysis Results 95 results. In the Minnesota data, most segments have zero median openings.
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From page 96... ...
96 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management Corner Clearance The analysis of corner clearance looked at all segment types individually. Table 88 presents the goodness-of-fit measures for the CURE plots.
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From page 97... ...
Number of Full Median Openings Number of Openings 0 1 2 Observed 306 267 27 Calibration Bias Factor 0.8256 1.3275 0.9573 Number of Sites 91 38 4 Number of 1-Direction Median Openings Number ofOpenings 0 1 2 Observed 594 6 -Calibration Bias Factor 1.0058 0.6360 -Number of Sites 132 1 -Number of 2-Direction Median Openings Number of Openings 0 1 2 Observed 600 0 -Calibration Bias Factor 1.0016 0 -Number of Sites 132 1 -Number of Jug Handle Median Openings Number of Openings 0 1 2 Observed 600 -- -Calibration Bias Factor 1 -- -Number of Sites 133 -- -Number of Median Openings with Left-Turn Lane Number of Openings 0 1 2 Observed 317 262 21 Calibration Bias Factor 0.8195 1.3476 1.1188 Number of Sites 94 36 3 Number of 1-Direction Median Openings with Left-Turn Lane Number of Openings 0 1 2 Observed 543 57 -Calibration Bias Factor 0.9832 1.1940 -Number of Sites 122 11 -Number of 2-Direction Median Openings with Left-Turn Lane Number of Openings 0 1 2 Observed 366 221 13 Calibration Bias Factor 0.8476 1.4521 0.8119 Number of Sites 104 27 2 -- indicates no data. Table 87.
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From page 98... ...
98 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Minimum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 43. CURE plot of 2U minimum corner clearance (Ohio)
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From page 99... ...
Analysis Results 99 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Average Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 45. CURE plot of 2U average corner clearance (Ohio)
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From page 100... ...
100 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Maximum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 47. CURE plot of 3T maximum corner clearance (Ohio)
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From page 101... ...
Analysis Results 101 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Minimum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 49. CURE plot of 4D minimum corner clearance (Ohio)
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From page 102... ...
102 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Average Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 51. CURE plot of 4D average corner clearance (Ohio)
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From page 103... ...
Analysis Results 103 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Maximum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 53. CURE plot of 4U maximum corner clearance (Ohio)
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From page 104... ...
104 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Minimum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 55. CURE plot of 5T minimum corner clearance (Ohio)
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From page 105... ...
Analysis Results 105 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Average Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 57. CURE plot of 5T average corner clearance (Ohio)
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From page 106... ...
106 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management For crash-type models, there was little evidence of bias, and GLM models were not very strong in general. Those models that could be estimated showed little improvement in overall goodness of fit with the addition of corner clearance variables.
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From page 107... ...
Analysis Results 107 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Minimum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 58. CURE plot of 2U minimum corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 108... ...
108 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Average Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 60. CURE plot of 2U average corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 109... ...
Analysis Results 109 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Maximum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 62. CURE plot of 3T maximum corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 110... ...
110 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Minimum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 64. CURE plot of 4D minimum corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 111... ...
Analysis Results 111 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Average Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 66. CURE plot of 4D average corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 112... ...
112 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Maximum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 68. CURE plot of 4U maximum corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 113... ...
Analysis Results 113 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Minimum Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 70. CURE plot of 5T minimum corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 114... ...
114 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Average Corner Clearance Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 72. CURE plot of 5T average corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 115... ...
Table 95. GLM results for average corner clearance (Minnesota)
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From page 116... ...
116 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management Similar to the previous Ohio models that did not differentiate between arriving or departing corner clearance, the new GLM models also indicated that in most cases more crashes are associated with segments with larger minimum, maximum, or average corner clearance measurements. A few site type/measurement combinations did have parameter estimates indicating fewer crashes with longer corner clearance measurements; however, most parameter estimates were not statistically significant.
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From page 117... ...
Analysis Results 117 are assigned to one of the two. One of the important findings of this research was that as the number of intersections in a segment increased, the expected number of segment crashes often decreased.
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From page 118... ...
118 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8C um ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Signalized Intersections Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 73. CURE plot of 2U number of signalized intersections (Ohio)
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From page 119... ...
Analysis Results 119 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Signalized Intersections Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 75. CURE plot of 3T number of signalized intersections (Ohio)
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From page 120... ...
120 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Signalized Intersections Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 77. CURE plot of 4D number of signalized intersections (Ohio)
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From page 121... ...
Analysis Results 121 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Signalized Intersections Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 79. CURE plot of 4U number of signalized intersections (Ohio)
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From page 122... ...
122 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Signalized Intersections Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 81. CURE plot of 5T number of signalized intersections (Ohio)
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From page 123... ...
Analysis Results 123 Validation of the results was done by comparing the Ohio results to the Minnesota results. Table 102 presents the goodness-of-fit measures for the CURE plots shown in Figures 83 through 92.
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From page 124... ...
124 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 83.
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From page 125... ...
Analysis Results 125 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 85.
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From page 126... ...
126 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 87.
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From page 127... ...
Analysis Results 127 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 89.
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From page 128... ...
128 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 91.
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From page 129... ...
Analysis Results 129 Tables 103 and 104 show details for the GLM models for signalized intersection density and the number of signalized intersections, respectively. The GLM models show that the parameter estimates, with only one exception, indicate more crashes as the number of signals increase.
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From page 130... ...
130 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management Table 105 presents the goodness-of-fit measures for the CURE plots. The CURE plots (shown in Figures 93 through 95)
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From page 131... ...
Analysis Results 131 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersections Maximum Spacing Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 94. CURE plot of unsignalized intersections maximum spacing (Minnesota)
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From page 132... ...
132 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management The analysis of number and density of unsignalized intersections looked at all segment types individually. The Ohio data provide some evidence of bias from the CURE plot measures, including: • 2U -- number of unsignalized intersections and unsignalized intersection density, • 3T -- number of unsignalized intersections and unsignalized intersection density, • 4U -- number of unsignalized intersections and unsignalized intersection density, and • 5T -- number of unsignalized intersections and unsignalized intersection density.
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From page 133... ...
Analysis Results 133 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Unsignalized Intersections Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 96. CURE plot of 2U number of unsignalized intersections (Ohio)
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From page 134... ...
134 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 97. CURE plot of 2U unsignalized intersection density (Ohio)
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From page 135... ...
Analysis Results 135 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 99. CURE plot of 3T unsignalized intersection density (Ohio)
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From page 136... ...
136 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 101. CURE plot of 4D unsignalized intersection density (Ohio)
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From page 137... ...
Analysis Results 137 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 103. CURE plot of 4U unsignalized intersection density (Ohio)
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From page 138... ...
138 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 105. CURE plot of 5T unsignalized intersection density (Ohio)
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From page 139... ...
Analysis Results 139 Validation of the results was done by comparing the Ohio results to the Minnesota results. Table 111 presents the goodness-of-fit measures for the CURE plots shown in Figures 106 through 115.
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From page 140... ...
140 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 107. CURE plot of 2U unsignalized intersection density (Minnesota)
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From page 141... ...
Analysis Results 141 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 109. CURE plot of 3T unsignalized intersection density (Minnesota)
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From page 142... ...
142 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 111. CURE plot of 4D unsignalized intersection density (Minnesota)
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From page 143... ...
Analysis Results 143 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 113. CURE plot of 4U unsignalized intersection density (Minnesota)
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From page 144... ...
144 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Intersection Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 115. CURE plot of 5T unsignalized intersection density (Minnesota)
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From page 145... ...
Analysis Results 145 Number of Unsignalized Access Points and Density The structure of the data for the Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Part C Predictive Method is such that roadways are segmented by intersection and midblock areas, and crashes are assigned to one of the two.
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From page 146... ...
146 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Unsignalized Access Points Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 116. CURE plot of 2U number of unsignalized access points (Ohio)
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From page 147... ...
Analysis Results 147 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Unsignalized Access Points Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 118. CURE plot of 3T number of unsignalized access points (Ohio)
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From page 148... ...
148 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Unsignalized Access Points Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 120. CURE plot of 4D number of unsignalized access points (Ohio)
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From page 149... ...
Analysis Results 149 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Unsignalized Access Points Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 122. CURE plot of 4U number of unsignalized access points (Ohio)
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From page 150... ...
150 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 0 50 100 150 200 250 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Unsignalized Access Points Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 124. CURE plot of 5T number of unsignalized access points (Ohio)
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From page 151... ...
Analysis Results 151 Tables 115 and 116 show the details for the GLM models for unsignalized access density and the number of unsignalized access points, respectively. The estimated parameters of the GLM models were inconsistent in either indicating more crashes or fewer crashes with more unsignalized access points and were not statistically significant.
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From page 152... ...
152 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 126.
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From page 153... ...
Analysis Results 153 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Unsignalized Access Points Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 127. CURE plot of 2U unsignalized access points (Minnesota)
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From page 154... ...
154 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 129.
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From page 155... ...
Analysis Results 155 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Access Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 131. CURE plot of 3T unsignalized access density (Minnesota)
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From page 156... ...
156 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Number of Unsignalized Access Points Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 133. CURE plot of 4D unsignalized access points (Minnesota)
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From page 157... ...
Analysis Results 157 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Highway Safety Manual (1st Edition) Calibrated Prediction Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 135.
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From page 158... ...
158 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Access Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 137. CURE plot of 4U unsignalized access density (Minnesota)
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From page 159... ...
Analysis Results 159 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Cu m ul ati ve R es id ua ls Unsignalized Access Density Series1 Series2 Series3 Figure 140. CURE plot of 5T unsignalized access density (Minnesota)
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From page 160... ...
160 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management Table 118. GLM results for unsignalized access density (Minnesota)
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