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From page 39... ... 39 Introduction Air operations are a critical component of US national defense missions and capacities. Each of the military services employs airpower for various missions and purposes, and US Depart ment of Defense (DoD) Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit the DoD has integrated microgrids into domestic installations and lessons learned from the process that could be applied to civilian airports. In order to choose these case studies, Converge Strategies, LLC, reviewed its database of close to 60 military microgrids. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Microgrid Case Studies 41 Sources of Funding The project was financed through federal and state grants plus inkind military contributions: • $7.5 million from DoD ESTCP. • $925,000 general obligation bond funds from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit emissions caused by nine pump and treat systems used to remediate contaminated ground water.24 (See Figure C2.) The project was funded with Air Force and Army Defense Environ mental Restoration Account dollars. Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... Microgrid Case Studies 43 each military base to complete energy efficiency upgrades in 2015. The 102IW received $1.1 million for highefficiency boilers and an upgrade to the central energy management system.28 These efficiency investments reduced the load that the microgrid would have to serve. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 44 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit Technical performance. The microgrid was not yet operational and did not yet have a per formance record during outage events. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Microgrid Case Studies 45 • Storage: 3 MW/1.5 MWh battery (under development, projected 2020) Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit The microgrid is made up of distinct, interconnected assets:36 • Landfill gas energy plant: The City of San Diego's Miramar Landfill sits on approximately 476 acres on the south end of the installation. The Navy leases the landfill property to the city, and all waste management operations at the landfill are run by the city. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Microgrid Case Studies 47 state and municipal partners in innovative ways at each stage of the energy resilience project's development. See Figure C4 for a detailed timeline of the process. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit battery sited next to the microgrid power plant. The battery will be installed and incorporated into the microgrid in 2020. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... Microgrid Case Studies 49 • Landfill gas backup: When the landfill gas generator trips offline, the natural gas and diesel generators can be run to prevent sudden spikes in demand (which could result in high peak demand charges) Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit • Economic benefits: – During normal grid conditions, the PV system offsets power purchased from the elec tricity grid. – Under the ESTCP, the Primus Power battery was used to demonstrate peak shaving.43 – Under the V2G project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Microgrid Case Studies 51 2012 ESTCP grant: MCAS Miramar was awarded a $3 million grant from the DoD ESTCP program in partnership with Raytheon to integrate an existing 202 kW solar PV carport system and a Primus Power 250 kW/1 MWh battery to provide resilience to a building on the instal lation.47 The PV system's inverters were upgraded so that PV system output could be con trolled. The installation was able to conduct HiL testing of the PV, the battery, and inverters at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit • Under the ESTCP project, the Primus Power battery was used to demonstrate onsite peak shaving.54 • Under the V2G project, LBNL will evaluate the participation of the electric vans in demand response and ancillary services programs.55 MCAS Miramar Future Energy Resilience Plans MCAS Miramar is currently working with the Navy Resilient Energy Program Office (REPO) to execute an Intergovernmental Support Agreement (IGSA) Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... Microgrid Case Studies 53 as well as the support and administrative assets on the installation. The system can auto matically power up within 8–9 seconds of a disruption, and the installation is islandable for over 40 hours at peak load without fuel resupply. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit Figure C-7. MCAS Yuma microgrid. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... Microgrid Case Studies 55 in the region. At that time, the installation had emergency generation capacity for 39 critical facilities, but support facilities were left completely inoperable. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit support the 15 MW load of MCAS Yuma for over 40 hours, and APS has diesel supply delivery contracts in place to bring in additional fuel if required. Though the fuel delivery process is well coordinated between the installation and the utility, relying on civilian sources for additional supplies could pose a risk to base operations if a longterm disruption impacts transportation and base access infrastructure. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Microgrid Case Studies 57 • Lesson 2: Use existing integrated resources. Military microgrids have often integrated existing assets. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 58 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit governments have played a pivotal role in the military energy resilience project's success. As with the example of Otis ANGB, state energy or infrastructure funds can be made available to support military projects. Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Microgrid Case Studies 59 Capacity • 7–9 MW of generation (includes 7 MW of existing natural gas engines plus 2 MW of added solar) Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 60 Airport Microgrid Implementation Toolkit However, there is limited ability to seamlessly island the microgrid from the main grid; the system will be designed to ride through short outages or power quality issues on the main grid, not necessarily to make immediate transitions to operating as a separate microgrid. The microgrid will have the ability to support all sources of airport loads. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... Microgrid Case Studies 61 • Since microgrids are a unique, specialized, and nascent industry with few players who can meet airport needs, a CMAR contracting model can minimize project risk over other approaches such as designbuild and designbidbuild. In designbidbuild projects, the requirements of the design engineers can often get lost in translation to the contractor; however, the CMAR arrangement can offer multiple design iterations before building and allows for a lot of exchange between the designer and the contractor. Read the entire page →

From page 39...

... 39 Introduction Air operations are a critical component of US national defense missions and capacities. Each of the military services employs airpower for various missions and purposes, and US Depart ment of Defense (DoD)