The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 9-42

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 9... ... 9 How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? Summary This chapter describes ways that biometrics are employed in airports: process facilitation, access control to secured areas, tailored customer services to the individual user, commercial use by retail/concessions vendors, and fraud identification and risk mitigation to minimize loss. Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... 10 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Five Primary Use Cases for Biometrics at Airports Five primary use cases were identified in the aviation sector -- or more specifically, were implemented at airports around the world (see Figure 2-1) Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 11 During the COVID-19 pandemic and the recovery phase, these considerations have been even more important in addressing social distancing and health screening requirements, which can further elongate queues. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... 12 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Commercial Services Airports around the world obtain roughly 45% of their revenues from non-aeronautical sources. This share can be higher for some airports (e.g., Las Vegas) Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 13 Case Study Number Case Study Name Case Study Highlights 1 Amazon Go Cashierless Retail Experience • Potential template for current and future models for touchless and cashier-free retail at airports • Some enrollment challenges may be resolved with simple two-step palm enrollment. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... 14 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Case Study 1: Amazon Go Cashierless Retail Experience Summary Initiated by Amazon, the Amazon Go retail experience uses a combination of cameras, sensors, computer vision techniques, machine learning, and artificial intelligence techniques to create a checkout-free retail experience for its customers. The technology is also available for other retailers and is referred to as "Just Walk Out." The customer's identity is verified when signing up through the Amazon Go app, and entry to the store is gained by showing a QR code, one's registered palm biometric (for an Amazon Go store) Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 15 Program Concept By leveraging computer vision and machine learning to track customers and distinguish between the items they pick, customers can be charged for their items without stopping at a cashier. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... 16 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Case Study 2: Denver–Daon Biometric Partnership Summary To balance the needs of passenger health and safety, Denver International Airport partnered with public health stakeholders and biometric technology firm Daon to develop a biometric authentication system known as VeriFLY, which is aimed at making passenger journeys safer and more predictable. A second pilot for remote screening would involve a security checkpoint located remotely from the passenger terminal. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 17 Program Concept With the intention of putting high-risk and health-conscious passengers first, passengers can use a reservation system on a mobile app to access a dedicated security lane. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 18 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Home VeriFLY software Airport Pre-Security Airport Website portal enrollment E-Gate Hand scanner VeriFLY database [Daon] SYSTEM/ SOFTWARE STORAGE/ DATABASE SENSOR/ HARDWARE USER PROVIDES passagec he ck QR Code che ck Computer 1:few1:few QR Code Biometric: Face (future) Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 19 iteration was piloted by CBP starting in 2008. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... 20 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Online Trusted Traveler Program website Global Enrollment System application Enrollment Center/ Enrollment on Arrival Booking Primary Processing Computer CBP Primary questions SYSTEM/ SOFTWARE USER PROVIDES STORAGE/ DATABASE SENSOR/ HARDWARE ATS UPAX [DHS] pr eap pr ov al Personal info Travel itinerary Trusted Traveler # 123456789 Flight info DCS database [Airlines] Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 21 Case Study 4: Seattle–Tacoma International Airport and Designated Aviation Channeling Summary Pursuant to the Aviation Transportation Security Act, TSA requires all employees of airport authorities and airline carriers, as well as other airport stakeholder employees who require unescorted access to secured areas of an airport, to submit an application and be approved for a SIDA badge. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 22 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Case Study 5: Curb-to-Gate Program by CBP and Delta Air Lines at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Summary CBP's Curb-to-Gate program is an application of facial recognition with the intent of reducing the number of times passengers must present their form of identification and boarding pass, as well as to increase the reliability and efficiency of both airport CBP and security officers. See Table 2-6 for an overview of the case study. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 23 Program Concept The Curb-to-Gate program led by CBP and Delta Air Lines allows passengers to verify their identity in a reliable and more efficient manner through leveraging CBP's Traveler Verification System (TVS) Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 24 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Note: DOS = Department of State; APIS = Advanced Passenger Information System; IDENT = DHS Automated Biometric Identification System. Case Study 6: Known Traveller Digital Identity at Aéroport International Montreal–Pierre Elliot Trudeau, Montreal, Canada Summary To respond to the increasing demand for a more efficient and streamlined passenger process, the World Economic Forum (WEF) Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 25 for all industry partners to use this digital identity securely and easily while protecting the passenger's privacy. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Program Key Takeaways In the KTDI project, the challenge for the large group of stakeholders from two different countries, including their two respective governments, was the agreement of sharing, transmission, and storage of information and biometric data. To comply with all Canadian and EU privacy laws, mitigate cybersecurity risks, and satisfy the private and public interests among the group, a lengthy process to fine tune the legal framework was required. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 27 Case Study 7: The Seamless Passenger Journey at London Heathrow Summary In the Seamless Passenger Journey, Heathrow Airport launched its first end-to-end biometrics program, which is built on the premise of using facial-recognition technology at the checkpoint of the departing passengers' journey. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Program Concept Biographic and biometric data are captured at the first touchpoint (self-service check-in kiosk, self-service bag drop, or ticket presentation gate) by reading the passenger's e-passport chip, scanning their boarding pass, and taking their photo, which is referred to as the "image of the day." All information is then collected and stored in what is referred to as the "Passenger Data Envelope." The biometric data stored in the passenger's e-passport is compared to the image of the day and, if there is a positive match, the passenger's ID is verified and, from that point onward, the image of the day is used to recognize the passenger throughout the remaining journey. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 29 Note: DCS = departure control system; PDE = passenger data envelope. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 30 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Case Study 8: Risk Management During COVID-19 Using Biometrics, Carrasco Airport, Montevideo, Uruguay Summary In 2016, Carrasco International Airport implemented a fully biometric boarding procedure as well as a biometrics border and customs checkpoint for arriving passengers. The program, referred to as Easy Airport, is the first self-service boarding system within the region based completely on facial recognition. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 31 Program Concept Departing passengers go through an e-gate for identity verification by facial recognition and are asked to select their flight on a touchscreen display to link the passenger information to the correct flight. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 32 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Note: PNR = passenger name record; APIS = Advanced Passenger Information System; DCS = departure control system. Immigration Boarding Biometrics: Face SYSTEM/ SOFTWARE STORAGE/ DATABASE SENSOR/ HARDWARE E-gate + camera E-gate + camera (or manual booth) Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 33 Case Study 9: Digi Yatra and the Seamless Passenger Journey at Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru, India Summary Aviation in India has been growing at a considerable pace, and India is expected to become the world's largest domestic civil aviation market over the next 10 to 15 years. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Criteria Overview What Digi Yatra facial-recognition boarding system Where Airports across India Kempegowda International Airport (BLR) (first pilot) Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 35 Note: PNR = passenger name record; UIDAI = Unique Identification Authority of India; IMP = ID management platform. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Criteria Overview What • Happy Flow biometric process for preclearance at border control crossing Where • Aeropuerto Internacional Reina Beatrix, Aruba International Airport Passenger process • Enrollment • Baggage drop-off with biometric assistance • Biometric self-service border control checkpoint • Boarding e-gate with separate lane Who • Aruba Airport Authority, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, and vendor Vision-Box Why • Enhance the passenger travel experience • Streamlined, touchless airport journey for security and safety • Increase efficiency of operational processes of the stakeholders How • Facial biometric matching Enrollment • At a kiosk, passengers scan passport and boarding card, verify identity with data on passport, and create a facial ID Verification of identity • ID verification at kiosk • ID authorization at border control For • KLM departing passengers to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol with epassport Table 2-11. Key points for Happy Flow case study. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 37 Program Concept In the Happy Flow process, travel documents are only required at the enrollment station. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Note: PNR = passenger name record; DCS = departure control system. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 39 Key Trends in Airport Biometrics Based on the 10 case studies of recent deployments, there are five trends that are important to consider for the future of biometrics at U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Trend 1: Deployment of Integrated and Multi-Stakeholder Biometrics Is Increasing Where We Were Airport biometrics were previously constructed around single-purpose ideas. Access control, for example, created an environment where a biometric clearinghouse was compiled to create a relationship with credentialing systems. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? 41 • Self-sovereign biometrics: A different model for the use of biometrics that reframes the individuals' control over their identity information and that can be used across multiple countries, governments, airports, and airlines. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Where We Are Going Now DTC represents the first major change in document standards since ICAO's Document 9303 (ICAO 2015) was modified to include e-passports. Read the entire page →

From page 9...

... 9 How Advanced Is the Employment of Biometrics at Present? Summary This chapter describes ways that biometrics are employed in airports: process facilitation, access control to secured areas, tailored customer services to the individual user, commercial use by retail/concessions vendors, and fraud identification and risk mitigation to minimize loss.