The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Mental Health Outcomes Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2021) / Chapter Skim
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The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Mental Health Outcomes: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Mental Health Outcomes: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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Workshop participants also discussed approaches to better integrate mental and behavioral health into multidisciplinary considerations of environmental health; considered how mental and behavioral health impacts could become part of environmental risk assessments and public health choices; and highlighted new tools and technologies to assess ways in which the environment can affect mental health. The workshop was organized by a planning committee of the Standing Committee on the Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions (ESEHD)
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She also suggested that looking at the effects of the environment on mental health as a whole, rather than on individual mental health issues, would help to detect environmental impacts on mental health and understand the scope and interconnection between the environment and mental health. An Intersectional Perspective on the Breadth of Environmental Considerations in Mental Health Research and Public Health Practice Sandro Galea (Boston University)
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Galea pointed to studies showing that environmental disruptions can have consequences for mental health that far outlast the disruption itself. Regarding environmental form, research has found a robust association between the amount of green space available and mental health, including psychological distress, depression, and anxiety.
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A 30-year follow-up of this initial study found that children with high blood lead levels experienced more psychiatric problems across adulthood, with internalizing and thought disorder symptoms driving the association between childhood lead levels and mental health challenges. Though the effect size was modest, Reuben noted that psychopathology associations with lead exposure are of a similar magnitude to, although smaller than, well-known risk factors such as childhood maltreatment and having a family history of mental illness.
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EMERGING TRENDS AT THE INTERSECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTIONS AND MENTAL HEALTH The Interplay of Disasters and Mental Health Joshua Morganstein (Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences) discussed that when thinking about how the environment affects human health, it is important to consider environmental disruptions such as natural disasters, climate change, and human-generated disasters, including the levee failure following Hurricane Katrina, the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and the many mass shootings over the past decade.
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As FurrHolden discussed, a series of mistakes and disregarded engineering standards caused lead to leach from city water pipes, contaminated the city's water supply with other hazardous chemicals, and allowed levels of multiple waterborne pathogens to rise. Though the water source was switched back to the Detroit water supply in October 2015, irreparable damage had been done to the mental and behavioral health of the city's residents.
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South then turned to the subject of urban nature, defined as any outdoor space with vegetation, as a mental health equity tool. Vacant lot greening is a proven approach for increasing the amount of urban nature, as it increases the amount of green space in urban environments and addresses a major contributor to urban blight.
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In this framework, individual resilience attributes influence community resilience attributes. A disaster can have a negative effect on human, economic, social, and political capital that in turn can influence the inherent resilience in individuals and the community and affect individual mental health.
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Hollander mentioned the Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource (HHEAR) ,10 a partnership involving NIEHS; the National Cancer Institute; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and the NIH Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes program.
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In recent years, the program has recognized the importance of addressing the psychosocial stressors affecting communities. To address that concern and the fact that communities may already be experiencing mental health effects by the time they request ATSDR's involvement, Breysse and his colleagues have created a resource center that provides guidance and tools for community stress assessment by public health professionals.12 Solomon, the session moderator, remarked that much of the data discussed at the workshop came from observational studies and that she has heard little about toxicology or other approaches to study if specific chemicals might affect mental health, as is done with physical health.
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They recommended sharing information about stress along with resources about environmental exposures and related health risks that may be affecting the community. Breysse noted that ATSDR's new Community Stress Resource Center is designed to help environmental health professionals address stress as part of public health responses to environmental contamination.13 When asked what their policy and research priorities would be given the large number of environmental issues that the nation is facing, Lowe said she would prioritize enacting policies that achieve environmental justice among communities that are most affected by climate change and environmental toxins and that have contributed least to those problems.
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Workshop planning committee members are Gina Solomon (Chair) , University of California, San Francisco; Margarita Alegría, Massachusetts General Hospital; Laura Cabrera, Michigan State University; Emily Freeman, Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals LLC; Erika Manczak, University of Denver; Gary Miller, Columbia University; Aaron Reuben, Duke University; and Patrick Ryan, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
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