Policing to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the Population An Evidence-Based Approach (2022) / Chapter Skim
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4 Proactive Policing Practices
4 Proactive Policing Practices
Pages 63-74
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From page 63... ...
This historical reality is relevant to thinking about the Global South, where many countries neither provide proactive patrols to deter crime nor send police reactively to manage disputes, suspicious activity, or the kinds of situations defined by police scholar Egon Bittner (1974, p.
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From page 64... ...
The proactive raids on favelas in Rio de Janeiro led to massive killings of citizens by police (McCoy, 2021) , whereas proactive patrols of hot spots in Bogota reduced property crime (Braga et al., 2019)
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From page 65... ...
PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING Problem-oriented policing is a strategic approach to tackling crime, disorder, and even internal challenges in policing. This approach begins with a fundamental assumption: that no event, call for police service, or public safety incident is unique or unrelated.
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From page 66... ...
Scanning refers to identifying problems by, for example, noticing repetitive calls for police services to the same location, or when community members continue to notify the police of an ongoing public safety problem in their neighborhood. Analysis involves a systematic, detailed, and deep-dive assessment of the problem, to determine not only the nature of the problem itself, but what might be the underlying causes of that problem.
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From page 67... ...
Problem solving requires the accurate collection, collation, and analysis of public safety data and information, which means that police agencies must have reliable and accurate information systems that can record and collect information about crime. It also requires consistent and systematically collected citizen input not just about crime problems but also about police response to those problems to respond and assess responses accurately.
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From page 68... ...
discuss, these elements include having information technologies, analysts, and strong two-way communication channels between the police and the community to regularly collect, scan, and identify challenges within the community. However, even low-resource police agencies can adopt a problem-solving approach in the absence of information technology and analytic infrastructure by prioritizing the use of basic problem-solving skills to address chronic problems.
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From page 69... ...
These include officers and citizens collaborating to work on public safety problems in a neighborhood; community meetings in which police gain input from communities about both crime and policing problems; school-based programs in which officers try to connect with young people in various
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From page 70... ...
These reviews found that while communityoriented policing does not often have consistent crime-prevention or deterrence benefits, some programs can improve citizen satisfaction with police services (although the impacts on perceptions of police legitimacy may be weaker)
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From page 71... ...
Data from all countries, however, did not show changes in crime victimization, perceived future insecurity, citizen perceptions of police, police perceptions of citizens, police abuse, crime reporting, crime tips, or the reporting of police abuse. The architects of this study believe that community-oriented policing must be supported by large-scale structural reforms in order to yield greater success.
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From page 72... ...
Ev ery police officer at every rank had to go through mandatory human rights training, and is held to account by a code of ethics as well as criminal law. In terms of indicators for success in police reforms, White said that their macro target was increased community trust and more representation on the police force and accountability bodies of underrepresented groups of the com munity.
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From page 73... ...
For the evaluations that do exist, many are of modest methodological quality and do not measure long-term effects. This research finds that while community-oriented policing does not often have consistent crime prevention or deterrence benefits, some programs can improve citizen satisfaction with police services.
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