The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 23-28

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 23... ... 23 This chapter provides background on liquefied natural gas (LNG) , its chemical and physical properties, and hazard characteristics. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 24 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR TABLE 2-1 Typical Molecular Composition of Natural Gas and Gas Processed for Liquefaction to LNG Component (formula, name) Mol % in Natural Gas1 Mol % in LNG2 CO2, carbon dioxide 0.1–1.0 0.0 N2, nitrogen 1.3–5.6 0.0–1.0 CH4, methane 87.0–96.0 84.55–96.38 C2H6, ethane 1.8–5.1 2.0–11.41 C3H8, propane 0.1–1.5 0.35–3.21 i-C4H10, i-butane 0.01–0.3 0.0–0.7 n-C4H10, n-butane 0.01–0.3 0.0–1.3 i-C5H12, i-pentane trace–0.14 0.0–0.02 n-C5H12, n-pentane trace–0.04 0.0–0.04 n-C6H14, n-hexane trace–0.06 0.0 Others trace–0.12 0.0 Total 100.0 100.0 LNG PROPERTIES AND HAZARD CHARACTERISTICS As the primary constituent of LNG, methane and its chemical and physical properties determine the behavior of LNG cargoes. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... BACKGROUND ON LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND ITS TRANSPORT 25 TABLE 2-2 Select Properties of Methane4 Methane Chemical formula CH4 Initial boiling point –258.7°F Vapor pressure, in mm Hg At 100°F At –258.7°F 258,574 760 Relative vapor density (air = 1) 0.55 Flash point –306°F Auto-ignition temperature 1,004°F Flammability limits, lower 5% Flammability limits, upper 15% If a sufficient amount of LNG is spilled, the cryogenic liquid can form a pool that will be accompanied by a dense cloud of vapors that will flow along the ground before dispersing as its temperature increases. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR heat radiated from pool fires involving other hydrocarbon gases, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... BACKGROUND ON LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND ITS TRANSPORT 27 transportation.12 With respect to each, FRA pointed to the following issues warranting attention: 1. Flammability -- A spill of LNG, on land or on water, will rapidly evaporate, and the resulting vapor cloud will move via wind patterns before dispersing. Read the entire page →

From page 23...

... 23 This chapter provides background on liquefied natural gas (LNG) , its chemical and physical properties, and hazard characteristics.

Read the entire page →

From page 24...

... 24 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR TABLE 2-1 Typical Molecular Composition of Natural Gas and Gas Processed for Liquefaction to LNG Component (formula, name) Mol % in Natural Gas1 Mol % in LNG2 CO2, carbon dioxide 0.1–1.0 0.0 N2, nitrogen 1.3–5.6 0.0–1.0 CH4, methane 87.0–96.0 84.55–96.38 C2H6, ethane 1.8–5.1 2.0–11.41 C3H8, propane 0.1–1.5 0.35–3.21 i-C4H10, i-butane 0.01–0.3 0.0–0.7 n-C4H10, n-butane 0.01–0.3 0.0–1.3 i-C5H12, i-pentane trace–0.14 0.0–0.02 n-C5H12, n-pentane trace–0.04 0.0–0.04 n-C6H14, n-hexane trace–0.06 0.0 Others trace–0.12 0.0 Total 100.0 100.0 LNG PROPERTIES AND HAZARD CHARACTERISTICS As the primary constituent of LNG, methane and its chemical and physical properties determine the behavior of LNG cargoes.

Read the entire page →

From page 25...

... BACKGROUND ON LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND ITS TRANSPORT 25 TABLE 2-2 Select Properties of Methane4 Methane Chemical formula CH4 Initial boiling point –258.7°F Vapor pressure, in mm Hg At 100°F At –258.7°F 258,574 760 Relative vapor density (air = 1) 0.55 Flash point –306°F Auto-ignition temperature 1,004°F Flammability limits, lower 5% Flammability limits, upper 15% If a sufficient amount of LNG is spilled, the cryogenic liquid can form a pool that will be accompanied by a dense cloud of vapors that will flow along the ground before dispersing as its temperature increases.

Read the entire page →

From page 26...

... 26 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR heat radiated from pool fires involving other hydrocarbon gases, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Read the entire page →

From page 27...

... BACKGROUND ON LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND ITS TRANSPORT 27 transportation.12 With respect to each, FRA pointed to the following issues warranting attention: 1. Flammability -- A spill of LNG, on land or on water, will rapidly evaporate, and the resulting vapor cloud will move via wind patterns before dispersing.

Read the entire page →

Key Terms

← Previous Chapter Skim

Next Chapter Skim →

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.