Practice and Performance of Cold In-Place Recycling and Cold Central Plant Recycling (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 89-98
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89 A web-based survey was developed to collect information about the following: • Experience with CCPR and CIR processes • Knowledge of, and experience with, new CCPR and CIR standards • Size of the existing cold recycling program • Typical traffic levels on cold recycled projects • Barriers to increased use of cold recycling processes A total of 40 responses were received for a response rate of 80%; only one response per agency was included in the analysis. The percentages of agencies responding to each question are based on a fixed total response rate of 40 agencies to provide a common baseline for each column and row.
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90 Practice and Performance of Cold In-Place Recycling and Cold Central Plant Recycling Recycling Agent and Method of Cold Recycling Less than 5 years 5 to 10 years More than 10 years We don't use this method Total Responses per RowPercent Responses Percent Responses Percent Responses Percent Responses CCPR with emulsions 10% 4 5% 2 3% 2 45% 18 25 CCPR with foamed asphalt 3% 1 13% 5 3% 1 45% 18 25 CIR with emulsions 5% 2 23% 9 40% 16 28% 11 38 CIR with foamed asphalt 8% 3 8% 3 13% 5 48% 19 30 Note: Percentages are calculated based on a fixed total survey response of 40 respondents. Not all respondents answered all questions.
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From page 91... ...
Figure 43. Current use of CCPR with foamed asphalt.
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92 Practice and Performance of Cold In-Place Recycling and Cold Central Plant Recycling Knowledge of, and Experience with, New CCPR and CIR Standards Question 3 asked respondents about their experience using recently released AASHTO and ARRA specifications, practices, and guidelines: "Do you have any experience with using the following cold recycling standards? " • AASHTO MP 31 Standard Specification for Materials for Cold Recycled Mixtures with Emulsified Asphalt • AASHTO PP 86 Standard Practice for Emulsified Asphalt Content of Cold Recycled Mixture Designs • AASHTO PP 94 Standard Specification for Determination of Optimum Asphalt Content of Cold Recycled Mixture with Foamed Asphalt • AASHTO MP 38 Standard Specification for Mix Design of Cold Recycled Mixture with Foamed Asphalt • ARRA CR101 Construction Guide for CIR Using Bituminous Recycling Agents • ARRA CR102 Construction Guide for CCPR Using Bituminous Recycling Agents • ARRA CR201 Mix Design Guidelines for Cold Recycling Using Emulsified Asphalt Agent • ARRA CR202 Mix Design Guidelines for Cold Recycling Using Foamed (Expanded)
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Agency Survey 93 Standards Yes, we have used the standard No, we have NOT used the standard Planning on using the standard in the near future AASHTO MP 31 Standard Specification for Materials for Cold Recycled Mixtures with Emulsified Asphalt CO, DE, MT, NY, TX AK, AL, AZ, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, MO, NC, NE, NM, NV, PA, RI, UT, VA, WA, WI MD, NM, OH, SC, TN AASHTO PP 86 Standard Practice for Emulsified Asphalt Content of Cold Recycled Mixture Designs MT, NY AK, AL, AZ, CO, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, MO, NC, NE, NM, NV, PA, RI, UT, VA, WA, WI MD, NM, OH, SC, TN, TX AASHTO PP 94 Standard Specification for Determination of Optimum Asphalt Content of Cold Recycled Mixture with Foamed Asphalt NY, WI AK, AL, AZ, CO, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, MO, NC, NE, NM, NV, PA, RI, UT, VA, WA, WI MD, NM, SC, TN AASHTO MP 38 Standard Specification for Mix Design of Cold Recycled Mixture with Foamed Asphalt NY, WI AK, AL, AZ, CO, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, MO, MT, NC, NE, NM, NV, OH, PA, RI, UT, VA, WI MD, NM, SC, TN ARRA CR101 Construction Guide for CIR Using Bituminous Recycling Agents MD, MO, MT, NM, NY AK, AL, CO, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, NC, NE, NV, OH, PA, RI, UT, VA, WA, WI AZ ARRA CR102 Construction Guide for CCPR Using Bituminous Recycling Agents MD, MO, MT, NM, NY, SC AK, AL, CO, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, NC, NE, NV, PA, RI, UT, VA, WA, WI AZ, OH ARRA CR201 Mix Design Guidelines for Cold Recycling Using Emulsified Asphalt Agent CA, MD, MT, NM, NY, SC AK, AL, CO, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, NC, NE, NV, PA, RI, UT, VA, WA, WI AZ, OH, TN ARRA CR202 Mix Design Guidelines for Cold Recycling Using Foamed (Expanded) Agent MD, MO, NM, NY, SC AK, AL, CO, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, MT, NC, NE, NV, OH, PA, RI, UT, VA, WA, WI AZ, TN ARRA CR301 Quality Control Sampling and Testing Guidelines for Cold Recycling Using Bituminous Recycling Agents DE, MD, MO, MT, NM, NY, SC AK, AL, AZ, CO, CT, GA, IN, KS, MN, NC, NE, NV, PA, RI, UT, VA, WA, WI OH Table 56.
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94 Practice and Performance of Cold In-Place Recycling and Cold Central Plant Recycling Size of Existing Cold Recycling Programs Question 4 asked respondents to "Indicate the approximate number of lane miles that are recycled per year. (Check all that apply)
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Agency Survey 95 Traffic Levels on Cold Recycling Projects Question 5 asked respondents to "Indicate typical annual average daily traffic (AADT) levels on your recycled pavement projects.
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96 Practice and Performance of Cold In-Place Recycling and Cold Central Plant Recycling Barriers to Increased Use of Cold Recycled Processes Question 6 asked respondents to "Please indicate all barriers that limit the implementation or increased use of cold recycling methods. (Check all that apply)
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Agency Survey 97 Barrier CCPR with Emulsion CCPR with Foamed Asphalt CIR with Emulsion CIR with Foamed Asphalt Percent Responses Percent Responses Percent Responses Percent Responses No previous agency experience 28% 11 30% 12 18% 7 25% 10 No experienced cold recycling contractors 28% 11 25% 10 25% 10 23% 9 Lack of availability of materials 3% 1 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Previous unsuccessful experiences 0% 0 3% 1 30% 12 5% 2 Project selection criteria not well defined 13% 5 10% 4 13% 5 13% 5 QC/QA testing not well defined* 8% 3 5% 2 10% 4 3% 1 QC/QA testing takes too long in the field*
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98 Practice and Performance of Cold In-Place Recycling and Cold Central Plant Recycling Survey Summary Agencies have the most experience with emulsion CIR. CCPR is not widely used, but when it is used, agencies with the most experience report using foamed asphalt rather than emulsion recycling agents.
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