Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions Transitioning from Good Intentions to Measurable Outcomes (2022) / Chapter Skim
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2 The Research Spectrum of Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions
2 The Research Spectrum of Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions
Pages 31-52
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, and Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs) ; the spectrum of their research capacity; and their contributions to the U.S.
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.2 Role and Impact of HBCUs in Educating Black Students in STEM HBCUs demonstrate disproportionately high success in graduating African American students, particularly in STEM fields, and producing a disproportionately large percentage of African American students who go on to earn doctoral degrees in STEM fields (NASEM, 2019)
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bhttps://www.nationalacademies.org/event/02-16-2021/defense-research-at-historically black-colleges-and-universities-and-other-minority-institutions-meeting-3.
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. State support to HBCU public colleges and universities dropped steeply after the 2008 financial crisis and has never returned to pre-2008 levels.
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. HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS The Higher Education Act of 1992 defined HSIs as two- or four-year nonprofit institutions with at least a 25 percent Hispanic undergraduate full-timeequivalent enrollment and a high proportion of students with financial need.
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currently designated as an R1 institu tion (doctoral universities with very high research activity)
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The 2017 Consolidated Appropriations Act outlined the need for an HSI program to build capacity at institutions that do not typically receive high levels of National Science Foundation grant funding, and the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act of 2017 directed the National Science Foundation to award competitive, merit-based grants to HSIs to enhance the quality of undergraduate STEM education, and to increase retention and graduation rates for students seeking associate and bachelor's degrees in STEM.4 In addition, the HSI Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics and Articulation Program (HSI STEM) was a competitive grant program funded with annual mandatory appropriations through FY 2019 through the U.S.
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. The National Science Foundation also supports the Native Science Report, which was originally launched to focus on the agency's programs but has since expanded to connect TCUs with other research opportunities and research trends.5 The committee noted that there is no TCU-specific STEM investment program in DoD; rather, DoD investments for TCUs are included, without special preference or quota, within the targeted DoD HBCU/MI programs.
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. To support STEM research, NTU has developed technology infrastructure and a number of major research laboratories, including a Center for Advanced Manufacturing, Cen ter for Meteorology Research, and Navajo Environmental Center, among others.e NTU President Elmer Guy discussed the university's key principles and goals for STEM development at a town hall convened by the National Academies in May 2021.f He described how NTU designs STEM courses to provide students with op portunities to bridge traditional Navajo knowledge systems with western science.
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In addition to considering Carnegie classifications, the committee developed a complementary classification of research activity against which to consider current and potential defense research and workforce contributions across the HBCU/MI landscape. Carnegie Classification System The Carnegie classification, created in 1970, categorizes U.S.
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• Tribal colleges and universities: Institutions that are members of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium Within doctoral universities, the Carnegie classification distinguishes among R1 (very high research activity) , R2 (high research activity)
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15 TOTAL HBCU/MI baccalaureate institutions and percentage of all 130/17.7% baccalaureate institutions Tribal Colleges and Universities/Baccalaureate and Associates Category Number of Institutions Four-year 15 Two-Year 20 TOTAL Tribal Colleges and Universities 35
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8 Note: Specific Carnegie classifications (e.g., R1, R2) are not a criterion for DoD proposal submission or selection.
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citizens as undergraduates, prioritizes teaching and students' learning, cultivates culturally strong ecosystems, and is not actively engaged in research or other DoD-funded projects. The other categories encompass the attributes of undergraduate-centric HBCU/MIs along with greater research infrastructure and an increasing degree to which an institution secures FIGURE 2-1 Generalized depiction of the research spectrum of HBCU/MI institutions.
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This spectrum can also be used to guide institutions as they consider how to address challenges in expanding their defense research, as described later in the report. The committee observed that the degree to which a given HBCU/MI may place itself within the research spectrum in Figure 2-1 is strongly influenced by • the amount, types, continuity, and intended uses of resources invested over time; • the strategic priorities set and executed by successive leaders; • faculty interpretations of what is valued and rewarded; and • the strength, consistency, and durability of the academic and research infrastructures and support.
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.10 HBCUs From 2010 through 2019, 1,617 doctorate degrees were awarded at HBCUs in the fields of life sciences, physical and earth sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and engineering. Demographic data of enrolled students in doctorate programs from FY 2010 through FY 2019 show 42 Asian students, 115 white students, 747 underrepresented minorities (including Hispanics, American Indian/Alaska Native, Black)
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.11 MSIs From 2010 through 2019, 3,684 doctorate degrees were awarded at all MSIs in the fields of life sciences, physical and earth sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and engineering. Demographic data for enrolled students in doctorate programs from 2010 through 2019 show 161 Asian students, 803 white students, 877 underrepresented minorities (including Hispanics, American Indian/ Alaska Native, Black)
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citizens (RTI International, 2021) .13 Underrepresented Minority Students in DoD STEM Research The committee was asked to focus on the role that DoD plays in enabling opportunities to advance research capacity at HBCU/MIs, as underutilized academic institutions that are rich in STEM research talent.
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. As an example, underrepresented minority students received 208 doctorates in engineering from HBCU/MIs in the 2015-2019 time frame, but during that same period, underrep resented minority students earned more than 2,000 doctorates from non-HBCU/ MIs (RTI International, 2021)
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Paper commissioned by the Committee on De fense Research at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Serving In stitutions. https://https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/defense-research-at-historically black-colleges-and-universities-and-other-minority-serving-institutions.
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2019. Public and private disinvestments in historically black colleges and universities.
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