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From page 25... ... 25 Overview of DRT Service Models Introduction Based on the documents reviewed in the project's literature review (Appendix A) and the study team's knowledge of the industry, DRT service models for small and midsized transit agencies can be differentiated primarily based on the following: • The division of day-to-day call and control functions; • How service delivery is organized; and • Which entity or entities provide the supporting assets, and especially the vehicles used to operate the service and the facilities that house the management, administrative, and support team; the call and control center (CCC) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies Distinguishing characteristics of each of the DRT service types are discussed as follows, noting that all six of these service types are covered by the nondiscrimination and other provisions of the ADA. The legend to the eligible customers for the graphics which accompany each service type is found here: ADA SR NEM DRT Service Types PWD ADA Paratransit Seniors Persons with Disabilities General PublicGP Non-Emergency Medical HSA Human Service Agency ADA Complementary Paratransit Services Under the ADA, transit agencies providing fixed-route service are obligated to provide ADA complementary paratransit (ADA paratransit) Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 27 notably, none of the vehicles used for the alternative service are to be owned, operated, or controlled by the transit agency. While not necessarily limited to taxis and transportation network companies (TNCs) Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies A microtransit service can be designed as a many-to-many (also known as curb-to-curb) service, a many-to-few service, or a many-to-one service. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 29 these systems also allow next-day requests, while others only allow next-day requests, if not a longer advance period. Some systems also do not require requests for off-route drop-offs, which are made known to the driver when the rider boards the vehicle. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 30 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies Checkpoint Deviation Service Checkpoint (or point) deviation is similar to route deviation with one major distinction: there is no dened route; rather, there are scheduled stops. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 31 In-House/Overow is is essentially the same as the all-in-house service model, but in this model, the transit agency contracts with one or more overow service providers to transport trips that cannot be scheduled and dispatched to the transit agency's dedicated eet. IN-HOUSE/OVERFLOW Transit Agency RES SCH DIS ETA OPS VEH FAC Overflow Contractor(s) Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 32 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies Turnkey/Agency Assets is is a variation of the Turnkey model, with the transit agency providing all or some of the supporting assets to its service provider contractor(s) Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 33 Split Call and Control Functions Some small and midsized transit agencies opt to split the call and control functions with its service provider contractor(s) Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies or access to the Internet to address Title VI concerns. Some transit agencies will make this option available to any rider who prefers to call in an on-demand request. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 35 With dedicated fleets, and, for example, under an all-in-house service or turnkey model, there is typically one dedicated fleet with vehicles scheduled and dispatched throughout the service area. Some transit agencies opt to have multiple dedicated fleets operated by different carriers. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies Most contract rates with nondedicated providers are based on distance or have a per-trip rate. For example, contracts with taxis can be based on the taxi meter or on a contractual mileage rate, with the direct mileage calculated by the scheduling system. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 37 In an all-in-house management structure, transit agencies provide their own assets. Not only do they have direct control over the vehicles and other equipment they use, they have direct control over their vehicle replacement and their eet mix (of dierent vehicle types and congurations) Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies who qualify as SMEs and DBEs. This translates into more competitive rates. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 39 Using an Overow Contractor or Subcontractor for DRT Services IN-HOUSE/OVERFLOW Transit Agency RES SCH DIS ETA OPS VEH FAC Overflow Contractor(s) OPS VEH FAC TURNKEY/OVERFLOW Contractor RES SCH DIS ETA OPS VEH FAC Subcontractor(s) Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies customer service-day "where's my ride" calls. Historically, this has been problematic and cumbersome. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 41 contractor performs changes. Transit agencies requiring the contractors to provide their own vehicles are generally disinterested in the administrative chores associated with fleet procurement and maintenance. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies Using Operational Contractor(s) for DRT Services OPERATIONAL CONTRACTOR(S) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 43 Split Call and Control Functions for DRT Services SPLIT CALL & CONTROL FUNCTIONS Contractor(s) SCH DIS ETA OPS VEH FAC Transit Agency RES Contractor(s) Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 44 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies There is also a loss of direct control over service quality that comes with a contractor or contractors performing any of the CCC functions. This loss of direct control can be mitigated with pointed contractual provisions (incentives, penalties, adjustments) Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 45 whether that substandard performance is resulting from the poor performance of the broker or CCC manager or one or more of the service providers, or both. Therefore, all contracts must have provisions that specify each party's contractual obligations in attaining performance standards. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies Challenges, Shortcomings, and Strategies Faced with a dedicated eet operational cost per trip that is suboptimal, a transit agency could review whether a 100 percent dedicated service makes sense, aer rst determining whether or not there are ineciencies in the run structure. Despite contractual controls over service quality, there can be dierences in service quality as delivered by some nondedicated providers versus the service quality as delivered by in-house employees or DRT operation and management contractors. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 47 A transit agency can also utilize a user-side subsidy program to provide ADA paratransit service, although this requires the taxi company to ensure that drivers are trained to proficiency and partake in drug and alcohol testing programs. Benefits The primary benefit of this service model is cost. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies productive by not allowing vehicles to stray too far away from the area of demand to which they are assigned. This strategy also relates to the use of transfers or higher interzonal fares, or both, as tactics to improve productivity and cost efficiency. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 49 • Same-day service. This is a DRT service that honors requests placed on the service day, but with a minimum number of hours (typically 1 to 2 hours) Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 ADA Paratransit and Other Demand-Responsive Transportation Services in Small to Midsized Transit Agencies [Note: Door-to-door service is also a type of driver assistance in some DRT services but is usually particular to NEMT.] Either approach is appropriate, as the riders who require door-to-door service receive it. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Overview of DRT Service Models 51 Using Microtransit Resources for ADA Paratransit Trips The industry is beginning to see instances where microtransit resources are being used to provide ADA paratransit trips, as follows: • In Green Bay, Wisconsin, an on-demand technology and operations company is providing the Green Bay Metro's ADA paratransit service as its turnkey contractor while also serving as the transit agency's sole turnkey contractor for the transit agency's microtransit service. Hence, the same technology is being used for both services. Read the entire page →

From page 25...

... 25 Overview of DRT Service Models Introduction Based on the documents reviewed in the project's literature review (Appendix A) and the study team's knowledge of the industry, DRT service models for small and midsized transit agencies can be differentiated primarily based on the following: • The division of day-to-day call and control functions; • How service delivery is organized; and • Which entity or entities provide the supporting assets, and especially the vehicles used to operate the service and the facilities that house the management, administrative, and support team; the call and control center (CCC)